Chapter 4

Question 1

Hydrocarbons

Answer 1

Organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen.

Question 2

Isomers

Answer 2

Compounds that have the same number of atoms of the same elements but different structures and different properties.

Question 3

Structural isomers

Answer 3

Differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms.

Question 4

Cis-trans isomers

Answer 4

Carbons have covalent bonds to the same atoms, but differ in spatial arrangements due to their inflexibility of double bonds.

Question 5

Enantiomers

Answer 5

Isomers that are mirror images of each other and that differ in shape due to the presence of an asymmetric carbon.

Question 6

Functional groups

Answer 6

The chemical groups affect molecular function by being directly involved in chemical reactions.

Question 7

Hydroxyl

Answer 7

Alcohols, tend to end in -ol, help dissolve organic compounds such as sugars.

Question 8

Carboxyl

Answer 8

Carboxilic acids, acts as an acid- can donate H+

Question 9

Carbonyl

Answer 9

2 types: ketones are within structure, aldehydes are at the end of the structure. Also found in sugars.

Question 10

Methyl

Answer 10

Methylated compounds, addition of methyl groups to DNA, effects the expression of genes.

Question 11

Amino

Answer 11

Amines, acts as a base- can pickup H+

Question 12

Sulfhydryl

Answer 12

Thoils, 2 sulfhydryl groups can react- form a covalent bond, “cross-linking” stabilize protein structure.