Chapter 3 Flashcards
Polar molecule
An uneven sharing of electrons, its overall charge in unevenly distributed.
Cohesion
The hydrogen bonds hold the substance together. Contributes to the transport of water against gravity.
Adhesion
The clinging of one substance to another.
Surface tension
How difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid.
Kinetic energy
Anything that moves. The energy of motion.
Heat
Form of energy. Matter’s total kinetic energy due to motion of its molecules.
Temperature
Measure of heat intensity. Average kinetic energy of the molecules.
Specific heat
Amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost.
Heat of vaporization
The quantity of heat a liquid must absorb for 1g of it to be converted from the liquid to the gaseous state.
Solution
Completely homogenous mixture of two or more substances
Solvent
The dissolving agent.
Solute
The substance that is dissolved.
Aqueous solution
A solution with water as the solvent.
Hydration shell
The sphere of water molecules around each dissolved ion.
Hydrophilic
Any substance that has an affinity for water.
Colloid
A stable suspension of fine particles in a liquid.
Hydrophobic
Substance that is nonionic and nonpolar and seem to repel water.
Molecular mass
The sum of the masses of all the atoms in a molecule.
Mole (mol)
Represents an exact number of objects 6.02 x 10^23.
Hydrogen ion
A single proton with a charge of 1+H
Hydroxide ion
(OH-) which has a charge of 1-
Acid
Substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.
Base
A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.
pH
Defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration.
