Chapter 3

Question 1

Polar molecule

Answer 1

An uneven sharing of electrons, its overall charge in unevenly distributed.

Question 2

Cohesion

Answer 2

The hydrogen bonds hold the substance together. Contributes to the transport of water against gravity.

Question 3

Adhesion

Answer 3

The clinging of one substance to another.

Question 4

Surface tension

Answer 4

How difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid.

Question 5

Kinetic energy

Answer 5

Anything that moves. The energy of motion.

Question 6

Heat

Answer 6

Form of energy. Matter’s total kinetic energy due to motion of its molecules.

Question 7

Temperature

Answer 7

Measure of heat intensity. Average kinetic energy of the molecules.

Question 8

Specific heat

Answer 8

Amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost.

Question 9

Heat of vaporization

Answer 9

The quantity of heat a liquid must absorb for 1g of it to be converted from the liquid to the gaseous state.

Question 10

Solution

Answer 10

Completely homogenous mixture of two or more substances

Question 11

Solvent

Answer 11

The dissolving agent.

Question 12

Solute

Answer 12

The substance that is dissolved.

Question 13

Aqueous solution

Answer 13

A solution with water as the solvent.

Question 14

Hydration shell

Answer 14

The sphere of water molecules around each dissolved ion.

Question 15

Hydrophilic

Answer 15

Any substance that has an affinity for water.

Question 16

Colloid

Answer 16

A stable suspension of fine particles in a liquid.

Question 17

Hydrophobic

Answer 17

Substance that is nonionic and nonpolar and seem to repel water.

Question 18

Molecular mass

Answer 18

The sum of the masses of all the atoms in a molecule.

Question 19

Mole (mol)

Answer 19

Represents an exact number of objects 6.02 x 10^23.

Question 20

Hydrogen ion

Answer 20

A single proton with a charge of 1+H

Question 21

Hydroxide ion

Answer 21

(OH-) which has a charge of 1-

Question 22

Acid

Answer 22

Substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.

Question 23

Base

Answer 23

A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.

Question 24

pH

Answer 24

Defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration.

Question 25

Buffer

Answer 25

A substance that minimizes changes in the concentrations of H+ and OH- in a solution.

Question 26

Ocean acidification

Answer 26

When CO2 dissolves in seawater, it reacts with water to form carbonic acid, which lowers the pH.