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Medical Terminology > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

abdomin/o

A

abdomen

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2
Q

an/o

A

anus

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3
Q

bi/o

A

life

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4
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

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5
Q

carp/o

A

carpals (wrist bones)

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6
Q

cis/o

A

to cut

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7
Q

cost/o

A

ribs

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8
Q

crani/o

A

skull

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9
Q

cutane/o

A

skin

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10
Q

dur/o

A

dura mater

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11
Q

outermost meningeal membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord

A

dura mater

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12
Q

gen/o

A

to produce, to begin

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13
Q

glyc/o

A

sugar

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14
Q

hemat/o

A

blood

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15
Q

later/o

A

side

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16
Q

men/o

A

menses

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17
Q

nat/i

A

birth

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18
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

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19
Q

norm/o

A

rule, order

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20
Q

oste/o

A

bone

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21
Q

ox/o

A

oxygen

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22
Q

peritone/o

A

peritoneum

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23
Q

membrane surrounding the organs in the abdomen

A

peritoneum

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24
Q

plas/o

A

formation, growth, development

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25
Q

ren/o

A

kidney

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26
Q

scapul/o

A

scapula

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27
Q

shoulder blade

A

scapula

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28
Q

son/o

A

sound

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29
Q

thyroid/o

A

thyroid gland

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30
Q

top/o

A

to put, place, position

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31
Q

troph/o

A

development, nourishment

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32
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

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33
Q

tube leading from the bladder to the outside of the body

A

urethra

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34
Q

uter/o

A

uterus

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35
Q

ven/o

A

vein

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36
Q

vertebr/o

A

vertebra

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37
Q

backbone

A

vertebra

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38
Q

-al

A

pertaining to

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39
Q

-ation

A

process, condition

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40
Q

-cision

A

process of cutting

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41
Q

-crine

A

secretion

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42
Q

-dipsia

A

thirst

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43
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

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44
Q

-gen

A

to produce

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45
Q

-graphy

A

process of recording

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46
Q

-ia

A

condition

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47
Q

-ic

A

pertaining to

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48
Q

-ine

A

pertaining to

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49
Q

-ism

A

condition, process

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50
Q

-lapse

A

to fall, slide

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51
Q

-lysis

A

loosening, breakdown, separation, destruction

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52
Q

-meter

A

to measure

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53
Q

-mission

A

to send

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54
Q

-mortem

A

death

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55
Q

-oma

A

tumor, mass

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56
Q

-ous

A

pertaining to

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57
Q

-partum

A

birth

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58
Q

-pathy

A

disease condition

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59
Q

-phagia

A

eating

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60
Q

-phasia

A

speech

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61
Q

-plasia

A

formation (condition)

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62
Q

-plasm

A

formation (tissue)

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63
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis

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64
Q

-pnea

A

breathing

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65
Q

-ptom

A

a happening

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66
Q

-rrhea

A

flow, discharge

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67
Q

-scopy

A

process of visual examination

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68
Q

-section

A

to cut

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69
Q

-stasis

A

to stand, place, stop, control

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70
Q

-tension

A

pressure

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71
Q

-thesis

A

to put, place

72
Q

-tic

A

pertaining to

73
Q

-trophy

A

nourishment, development

74
Q

-um

A

structure

75
Q

-uria

A

urine condition

76
Q

-y

A

process, condition

77
Q

bone marrow fails to produce erythrocytes, leukocytes, and clotting cells

A

aplastic anemia

78
Q

RBCs are destroyed, and bone marrow cannot compensate for their loss. Can be hereditary or acquired or can occur when the immune system acts against normal RBCs

A

hemolytic anemia

79
Q

low iron level lead to low hemoglobin concentration or deficiency of RBCs

A

iron deficiency anemia

80
Q

mucous membranes of the stomach fail to produce a substance (intrinsic factor) necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 and the proper formation of RBCs.

A

pernicious anemia

81
Q

erythrocytes assume an abnormal crescent or sickle shape, due to the inheritance of an abnormal type of hemoglobin. They clump together and cause clots that block blood vessels

A

sickle cell anemia

82
Q

a-, an-

A

no, not, without

83
Q

when breathing stops suddenly during sleep

A

sleep apnea

84
Q

a stroke affecting the language area of the brain can produce this condition

A

aphasia

85
Q

disuse of a muscle results in this, in which muscles shrink as cells decrease in size

A

atrophy

86
Q

lower than normal number of RBCs or a decrease in hemoglobin within the cells

A

anemia

87
Q

ab-

A

away from

88
Q

ad-

A

toward, near

89
Q

ana-

A

up, apart

90
Q

ante-

A

before, forward

91
Q

anti-

A

against

92
Q

protein made by WBCs; works against foreign substances

A

antibody

93
Q

foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses; enter the body and stimulate WBCs to produce antibodies to act against this…

A

antigen

94
Q

separation of urine to determine its components

A

urinalysis

95
Q

red urine indicates …

A

hematuria

96
Q

cloud urine indicates …

A

infection

97
Q

alkaline urine indicates …

A

infection

98
Q

proteinuria indicates …

A

renal disease

99
Q

glycosuria indicates …

A

diabetes mellitus

100
Q

produced outside the body by microorganisms and primitive plants called molds examples are amoxicillin and erythromycin

A

antibiotic

101
Q

bi-

A

two, both

102
Q

brady-

A

slow

103
Q

con-

A

with, together

104
Q

an irregularity (anomaly) present at birth

A

congenital

105
Q

dia-

A

complete, through

106
Q

a procedure in which feces are taken from a healthy donor and transferred to the colon of a patient with a serious bacterial infection

A

fecal transplant

107
Q

dys-

A

bad, painful, difficult, abnormal

108
Q

ec-

A

out, outside

109
Q

visual examination of a joint

A

arthroscopy

110
Q

visual examination of bronchial tubes

A

bronchoscopy

111
Q

visual examination of the colon (large intestine)

A

colonscopy

112
Q

visual examination of the urinary bladder

A

cystoscopy

113
Q

visual examination of the esophagus and stomach

A

esophagogastroscopy

114
Q

visual examination of the uterus

A

hysteroscopy

115
Q

visual examination of the abdomen

A

laparoscopy

116
Q

visual exam of the larynx (voice box)

A

laryngoscopy

117
Q

visual exam of the mediastinum

A

mediastinoscopy

118
Q

visual exam of the sigmoid colon

A

sigmoidoscopy

119
Q

what hormones do adrenal glands release?

A

adrenaline / epinephrine

120
Q

what hormone does the pancreas release?

A

insulin

121
Q

what hormone does the parathyroid gland release?

A

PTH

122
Q

what hormones does the pituitary gland release?

A

ACTH
FSH
GH
TSH

123
Q

what hormone does the thyroid gland release?

A

thyroxine

124
Q

endo-

A

within, in, inner

125
Q

epi-

A

above, upon

126
Q

ex-

A

out

127
Q

extra-

A

outside of

128
Q

hemi-

A

half

129
Q

hyper-

A

excessive, too much, above

130
Q

term to describe when cells increase in number

A

hyperplasia

131
Q

term to describe when cells increase in size

A

hypertrophy

132
Q

hypo-

A

deficient, too little, below

133
Q

in-

A

in, into

134
Q

inter-

A

between

135
Q

intra-

A

within

136
Q

small device that measures oxygen levels in your blood

A

pulse oximeter

137
Q

mal-

A

bad

138
Q

meta-

A

change, beyond

139
Q

the root IGN comes from the latin _____, meaning _____

A

ignis, fire

140
Q

neo-

A

new

141
Q

MSICU

A

medical/surgical intensive care unit

142
Q

NICU

A

neonatal intensive care unit

143
Q

PACU

A

post anesthesia care unit

144
Q

PICU

A

pediatric or psychiatric intensive care unit

145
Q

SICU

A

surgical intensive care unit

146
Q

MICU

A

medical intensive care unit

147
Q

para-

A

beside, near, along the side of

148
Q

peri-

A

surrounding

149
Q

poly-

A

many, much

150
Q

post-

A

after, behind

151
Q

pre-

A

before

152
Q

an example of a precancerous lesion commonly found in the colon

A

polyp

153
Q

pro-

A

before, forward

154
Q

-lapse

A

to slide

155
Q

pros-

A

before, forward

156
Q

quadri-

A

four

157
Q

re-

A

back, behind

158
Q

retro-

A

back, behind

159
Q

sub-

A

under, less than

160
Q

a partial resection of the stomach

A

subtotal gastrectomy

161
Q

syn-

A

with, together

162
Q

-drome

A

running or occurring

163
Q

a group of symptoms and signs of illness that occur together

A

syndrome

164
Q

tachy-

A

fast

165
Q

severe infections, malignancy, fever, malaise, and Gi disturbances that is caused by a virus that damages lymphocytes (WBCs)

A

AIDS

166
Q

pain, tingling, burning and numbness of the hand and wrist. a nerve leading to the hand is compressed by connective tissue fibers in the wrist.

A

carpal tunnel syndrome

167
Q

intellectual disabilities, flat face with a short nose, slanted eyes, broad hands and feet, stubby fingers, and protruding lower lip. an extra chromosome is present in each cell of the body.

A

down syndrome

168
Q

abnormal sounds/murmurs, heard through a stethoscope placed on the chest. indicates the mitral valve is not closed properly, causing chest pain, dyspnea, and fatigue.

A

mitral valve prolapse syndrome

169
Q

infectious disease marked by fever and cough, which may progress to pneumonia; caused by coronavirus

A

severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

170
Q

high fever, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, hypotension, and shock. caused by a bacterial infection in the vagina of menstruating women using superabsorbent tampons

A

toxic shock syndrome

171
Q

trans-

A

across, through

172
Q

pieces of the prostate gland are removed through the urethra

A

transurethral resection of the prostate gland

173
Q

tri-

A

three

174
Q

-cuspid

A

pointed end

175
Q

ultra-

A

beyond

176
Q

uni-

A

one

Medical Terminology (4 decks)

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