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Positioning > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Total hand, wrist, finger bones

A

27

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2
Q

Digits

A

14, # starts from thumb (1), index (2), etc

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3
Q

Radius side

A

Side with thumb

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4
Q

Ulnar side

A

Pinky side

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5
Q

Singularly digits called

A

phalanx- head, body, base

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6
Q

Metacarpal

A

Bones of palm (5)- head, body, base

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7
Q

Carpals

A

8 wrist bones

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8
Q

Steve left the party to take Carol home

A 
scaphoid
lunate
triquetrum
pisiform
trapezium
trapezoid
capitate
hamate
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9
Q

Scaphoid

A

Navicular, most fractured, articulates with radius

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10
Q

Lunate

A

Semilunate, articulates with radius

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11
Q

Triquetrum

A

Cuniform, articulates with pisiform

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12
Q

Pisiform

A

Smallest carpal bone, articulates with triquetrum

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13
Q

Trapezium

A

Greater Multtangular

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14
Q

Trapezoid

A

Lesser multangular

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15
Q

Capitate

A

Largest carpal bone- OS magnum

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16
Q

Hamate

A

Uncifor- hook like process called hamulus

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17
Q

IP

A

Interphalangeal Joints

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18
Q

DIP

A

Distal interphalangeal joints

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19
Q

PIP

A

Proximal Interphalangeal Joints

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20
Q

MCP

A

Metacarpophalangeal Joint

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21
Q

CMC

A

Carpometacarpal Joints

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22
Q

Radius

A

Thumb side, shorter of 2 forearm bones. Turns the wrist.

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23
Q

Styloid Process

A

Projections on distal ends of radius and ulna

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24
Q

Ulnar Notch

A

Medial side of radius. Head of ulna fits into this notch.

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25
Q

Head of radius

A

proximal end of radius

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26
Q

Ulna

A

Pinky side, formation of the elbow joint

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27
Q

Pointy process of proximal ulna

A

Olecranon, Coronoid

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28
Q

Coronoid tubercle

A

Process on medial side

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29
Q

Trochlear Notch

A

articulates with distal end of humerus

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30
Q

Radial Notch

A

depression on lateral ulna

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31
Q

humeral condyle

A

distal end of humerus

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32
Q

trochlea

A

articulates with ulna, shaped like a pulley

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33
Q

Capitulum

A

articulates with head of radius

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34
Q

Lateral epicondyles

A

small projection on later humerus

35
Q

Medial epicondyles

A

Larger of 2 condyles, more prominent on medial

36
Q

Coronoid & Radial fossas

A

Coronoid process & radial head fits into when arm is flexed

37
Q

Olecranon fossa

A

posterior side of humerus, sits on olecranon process when arm is extended

38
Q

Ulnar deviation

A

Scaphoid or navicular view- open bones on radial side

39
Q

Radial deviation

A

Open wrist bones on ulnar side

40
Q

Why are forearms most done AP

A

Radial & Ulnar bones cross

41
Q

Trick to use PA wrist to get bones closer to film

A

Make a fist

42
Q

Fat pads

A

Indicate disease of injury. Result of excess fluid, slightly darker than surrounding tissue, hard to see

43
Q

Wrist fat pad

A

2- scaphoid fat stripe, pronator fat stripe

44
Q

Elbow joint fat pad

A

3- Anterior, posterior, supinator

45
Q

Fingers technique

A

60 KVP @ 1.5 MAS

46
Q

Hand technique

A

60 KVP 2 MAS

47
Q

Wrist technique

A

60 KVP @ 2.5 MAS

48
Q

Forearm technique

A

65 KVP @ 3 MAS

49
Q

Elbow technique

A

65 KVP @ 3 MAS

50
Q

Humerus technique

A

70 KVP @ 6 MAS

51
Q

Distance from film

52
Q

Pediatric patients

A

Less technique, held with tape or sponge

53
Q

Casts

A

Increase exposure-
Small 5-7 KVP
Large 8-10 KVP
Fiberglass 3-4 KVP

54
Q

Markers

A

Lateral side of body part

55
Q

Other rules

A

Lengthwise, 2 joints for longbones, no grid, small focal spot

56
Q

Fracture

A

Break in a bone

57
Q

Contusion

A

Type of injury without a fracture or break in skin

58
Q

Simple (closed) fracture

A

Bone doesn’t break through the skin

59
Q

Compound (open) fracture

A

Bone protrudes through skin

60
Q

Incomplete (partial) fracture

A

fracture doesn’t traverse through the entire bone

61
Q

Complete fracture

A

Break is complete and includes the entire cross section of bone

62
Q

Transverse fracture

A

Fracture line is tranverse at near right angle to long axis of bone

63
Q

Oblique fracture

A

Line passes through bone at oblique angle

64
Q

Spiral fracture

A

bone has been twisted apart and the fracture line is spiral shaped

65
Q

Comminuted fracture

A

Bone is splintered or crushed resulting in 2 or more fragments

66
Q

Avulsion fracture

A

Results from severe stress to a tendon or ligament in joint. Fragment of bone is separated/pulled away by attached tendon/ligament

67
Q

Chip fracture

A

Fracture involving an isolated bone fragment

68
Q

Tuft/Burst

A

Comminuted fracture of distal phalanx from crushing blow to distal finger

69
Q

Epiphyseal fracture

A

Through epiphyseal plate. Easily fractured in long bone of children

70
Q

Torus fracture

A

in children, a buckle of cortex with localized expansion of torus of cortex

71
Q

Greenstick fracture

A

in children, incomplete fracture on one side cortex on 1 side of bone is broken and other side is bent

72
Q

Open reduction

A

severe fractures with significant displacement or fragmentation- surgery required

73
Q

Closed reduction

A

fractures in which the misalignment requires restoration to a normal position- done without surgery

74
Q

baseball fracture

A

fracture of distal phalanx from a ball striking end of extended finger

75
Q

barton’s fracture

A

intra-articular fracture of posterior lip of distal radius

76
Q

Bennett’s fracture

A

longitudinal fracture at base of 1st metacarpal with fracture line entering the carpometacarpal joint

77
Q

boxer’s fracture

A

involves 5th distal metacarpal

78
Q

colles fracture

A

fracture of adult wrist in which distal radius is fractured with distal fragment displaces posteriorly. fall on outstretched arm

79
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

compression of median nerve as it passes through center of wrist

80
Q

joint effusion

A

accumulated fluid in joint cavity

81
Q

osterarthritis (DJD)

A

non inflammatory joint disease- type of arthritis

82
Q

osteopetrosis

A

abnormally dense bone- increase tech factors

83
Q

osteoporosis

A

reduction in quantity of bone- decrease tech factors

84
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

disease with inflammatory changes occurring throughout connective tissues- decrease tech factors

Positioning (4 decks)

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