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Summer Ethics > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

It refers to the nature of all created things
which is the principle of their movements and
actions: chemical, biological, physiological or
rational.

A

NATURAL LAW

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2
Q

It refers to the general view that moral rules
and principles are objective, absolute and
universal truths that can be discovered in the
nature of things and in the structure of life
itself through the use of reasoned reflection.

A

Natural Law

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3
Q

They believed that “human beings have within
them a divine spark (logos spermatikos- ‘the
rational seed’) that enables them to discover
the essential eternal laws that governed the
whole cosmos that are necessary in the
attainment of individual happiness and social
harmony”.

A

NATURAL LAW ACCORDING TO THE STOICS

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4
Q

The Stoics equated nature with law
and reason and taught that what was
important was to live a life according
to nature. They called this

A

Wisdom

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5
Q

He believed that everything that exists in
nature serves some particular and specific purpose and that we can never fully
understand a thing until we understand what it
is for, or what its purpose for.

A

NATURAL LAW ACCORDING TO ARISTOTLE

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6
Q

● 4 Basic ideas of Natural Law

A
  1. Everything in nature has purpose.
  2. Everything in nature has an essential
    nature
  3. Everything in nature has its proper
    good.
  4. Something’s natural purpose, its
    essential nature, and its proper good
    are intimately related.
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7
Q

Law, in its broadest sense, is a “rule or norm
which governs nature and/or actions of things

A

Moral LAw

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8
Q

It is also generally understood as “any
constant way of acting or reacting, any
directive rule of activity”

A

Moral Law

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9
Q

defines law as “an ordinance of reason
for common good, promulgated by one who has the
care of the community”

A

Thomas Aquinas

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10
Q

True or False
Law is an ordinance simply means it is a
command or directive emanating from a legitimate
authority

A

True

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11
Q

True or False
Law is not just a request but a
command.

A

True

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12
Q

Law must be Just true or nah

A

True

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13
Q

True or False
law should not contradict in
essence to any higher law. It should also be
consistent within itself.

A

True

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14
Q

Law can follow honesty

True or False

A

FALSE; IT MUST FOLLOW HONESTY AT ALL TIMES

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15
Q

True or False :
A
law that is simply beyond the normal capacity
of an ordinary individual to fulfill is, strictly
speaking, not a law meant for humans but one
which is for angels

A

True

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16
Q

Law IT MUST BE RELATIVELY PERMANENT

A

True

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17
Q

True or False
THE NATURAL LAW IS NOT OBLIGATORY

A

False

18
Q

NATURAL LAW IS cannot be applied to all people regardless of
differences in culture, tradition, nationality,
religion, political beliefs, race, individual
temperaments, ethnicity, etc

A

False; THE NATURAL LAW IS UNIVERAL

19
Q

True or False
: THE NATURAL LAW HAS ITS PROPER
SANCTIONS

A

True

20
Q

THE NATURAL LAW IS IMMUTABLE OR
UNCHANGEABLE

A

True

21
Q

are those that relate to our character, that is,
to what kind of persons we ought to be

A

Formal Norms

22
Q

“Do good and avoid evil” - “Be honest” -
“Whatever you wish others do to you, do so to
them”

A

Formal Norms

23
Q

Making a promise,speech, killing, cheating,
honest, just to others

A

Material Norms

24
Q

The application of the formal norms to
individual concrete action

A

Material Norms

25
Q

An act that has good and bad effects is morally
justified or permissible as long as certain
conditions are met or satisfied.

A

PRINCIPLE OF DOUBLE EFFECT

26
Q

This principle applies to every human life,
including the life of the unborn (fetus) that is
still in the process of developing in the womb of
the mother. It can never be sacrificed by
whatever means or for whatever reasons

A

PRINCIPLE OF INVIOLABILITY

27
Q

The innocent person whose life is put in
extreme risk by an intruder (who is hell-bent to
seriously harm the prospective victim) in this
case can apply the principle of forfeiture as an
act of self-defense

Even legally (provided that it is really proven
beyond any reasonable doubt that you acted in
genuine self-defense), your act is justified.

A

PRINCIPLE OF FORFEITURE

28
Q

It refers to the view that a part (of the human
body, that is) exists for the good of the whole.
This principle is often invoked when a
particular part or organ of the human body has
to be cut off, mutilated, or removed

A

PRINCIPLE OF TOTALITY

29
Q

The basis is on the religious belief that all life
comes from God, the supreme creator and
maker of all.

A

PRINCIPLE OF STEWARDSHIP

30
Q

This would imply that no individual person
could claim that he or she is the owner of
anything in the world and that of his or her own
body. We humans are only given the power to
take good care of creation and do not have
sole authority to do whatever we want

A

PRINCIPLE OF STEWARDSHIP

31
Q

(Refers to a defensive kind of war) employed by a
country under attack to protect itself is only justified
under specific conditions.

A

The Just War Theory

32
Q

Include the “punishment for offenses or
restoration of what was unjustly seized.” As
such, wars that are waged to invade and
subjugate a nation and its people are morally
wrong and can never be justified

A

Just Cause

33
Q

This simply means that waging a war can never
be a first and primary option of a country
against another

A

Last Resort

34
Q

Risking thousands of
lives is too great a price to pay for a war that
does not have, from the very beginning a
chance of winning

A

REASONABLE CHANCE OF SUCCESS

35
Q

Countries that decide to go to war should have
the element of good faith. This means that one
should only have good motive in waging the
war.

A

GOOD INTENTION

36
Q
  • For a war to be just and thus justified, it has to
    come from
A

LAWFUL AUTHORITY

37
Q
  • The use of weapons of mass destruction, such
    as nuclear bombs, chemical or biological
A

Right use of means

38
Q
  • Countries involved must only employ “ordinary”
    means in combat
A

RIGHT USE OF MEANS

39
Q

Since War necessarily involves violence, any
violent response thereof must be directly

A

● PROPORTIONAL RESPONSE

40
Q

is defined as “unlawful uprising of
citizens against their government.”

A

Rebellion

41
Q

“mutiny or disobedience to
lawfully constituted authority

A

Coup d’ etat

Summer Ethics (5 decks)

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