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Summer Ethics > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Actions that proceed from insight into the nature and purpose of one’s doing and from consent of free will.

A

Human Acts

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2
Q

Actions that are essentially the result of his/her conscious knowledge, freedom and voluntariness or consent

A

Human Acts

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3
Q

THEY ARE ACTIONS INSTINCTIVE AND ARE NOT CONTROL OF THE WILL

A

Acts of Man

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4
Q

Actions are biological and physiological movements such as metabolism, respiration, blinking of the eye

A

Acts of Man

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5
Q

Difference of Human Acts and Acts of Man?

A

Human Acts: Voluntary; Acts of Man: Involuntary

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6
Q

It is performed by a conscious agent who is aware of what he/she is doing and of its consequences, may it be good or evil. (knowledge)

A

ACT MUST BE DELIBERATE

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7
Q

It must be done by an agent who is acting freely, with his/her own volition and powers.

A

ACT MUST BE PERFORMED IN FREEDOM

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8
Q

It must be performed by an agent who decides willfully to perform the act.

A

ACT MUST BE DONE VOLUNTARILY

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9
Q

3 BASIC ELEMENTS OF HUMAN ACT

A

K- Knowledge
F- Freedom
V- Voluntary

ACT MUST BE DELIBERATE (Knowledge)
ACT MUST BE PERFORMED IN FREEDOM
ACT MUST BE DONE VOLUNTARILY

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10
Q

An act is a physical tendency
towards a definite result.

A

THE ACT ITSELF/ OBJECT OF
THE ACT

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11
Q

It comes first in the mind as intention and occurs last in action as its fulfillment

A

THE MOTIVE/INTENTION

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12
Q

Various conditions outside of the act

A

THE CIRCUMSTANCES

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13
Q

Actions are bad because they produce such evil as pain, illness, death.

A

(physical sense)

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14
Q
  • actions are bad because they are “unfit” to the natural and spiritual tendencies of the human soul.
A

Moral sense

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15
Q

is one which is in accordance with truth, justice, prudence and temperance. bad motive that grows from selfishness because it provokes actions detrimental to others.

A

Good motive

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16
Q

True or False
“Without a motive, action is meaningless and consider as accident.”

A

True Tumpak Korek

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17
Q

True or False
An evil act with evil motive is grievously right

A

False; wrong

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18
Q

True or False
A good act with evil motive becomes evil itself

A

True

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19
Q

True or False
A good act with good motive acquires additional merit

A

True #plus points sa langit daw eme

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20
Q

True or False
An indifferent act may either become good or bad depending on the other POV.

A

False
An indifferent act may either become good or bad depending on their motive.

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21
Q

conditions that influence to a lesser or greater degree, the moral quality of the human act.

A

CIRCUMSTANCES

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22
Q

Kinds of Circumstances of the Act
1. - Doer of the Act
2. Time of the Act
3. Act itself and the quality and the quantity of the act
4. Circumstances of place where the act is committed

A
  1. Who
  2. When
  3. What
  4. Where
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23
Q

Kinds of Circumstances of the Act
1. Recipienr of the Action and companion of the Act
2. motive of the act
3. Manner/means/mode of the act

A
  1. With and to Whom
  2. Why
  3. How
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24
Q

3 MAJOR DETERMINANTS OF MORALITY OF HUMAN ACTS

A

O-Object
M- Motive
C- Circumstances

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25
Q

diminish the degree of moral good or evil of the act.

A

Mitigating

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26
Q

increase the degree of the moral good or evil in an act without adding a new and distinct species of moral good or evil.

A

Aggravating

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27
Q

show adequate reason for the action

A

Justifying

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28
Q

give a new and distinct species of moral good or evil.

A

Specifying

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29
Q

4 Types of Circumstances

A
  1. Mitigating
  2. Aggravating
  3. Justifying
  4. Specifying
30
Q

True or False
Circumstances does not increase / decrease the wrongfulness of an evil act

A

False
It may

31
Q

True or False
Circumstances may either increase/decrease the merits of the good act

A

True

32
Q

True or False
Circumstances may exempt temporarily someone from doing a required act

A

True

33
Q

True or False
Circumstances do not prove the guilt of the person

A

True

34
Q

Factors that influence man’s inner disposition towards certain actions.

A

MODIFIERS OF HUMAN ACTS

35
Q

They affect the mental and emotional state of the person to the extent that the voluntariness involved in an act is either increased or decreased.

A

MODIFIERS OF HUMAN ACTS

36
Q

5 Modifiers of Human Acts

A

1IGNORANCE
2PASSIONS
3FEAR
4VIOLENCE
5HABIT

37
Q

“_______ of the law excuses no one

A

Ignorance

38
Q

it is the absence of knowledge which a person ought to have

A

Ignorance

39
Q

it can be easily remedied through ordinary diligence and reasonable efforts

A

Vincible

40
Q

A person keeps by positive efforts in order to escape responsibility or blame.

A

Affected Ignorance

41
Q

An ignorance which an individual may have, without being aware

A

Invincible

42
Q

Types of Ignorance

A

Vincible
Invincible

43
Q

True or False
INVINCIBLE IGNORANCE RENDERS AN ACT VOLUNTARILY

A

False; Involuntary

44
Q

True or False
A person cannot be held morally responsible or liable if he or she is not aware of the state of his or her ignorance.

A

True

45
Q

True or False
VINCIBLE IGNORANCE DOES NOT DESTROY BUT LESSENS THE VOLUNTARINESS AND THE CORRESPONDING AccoUNTABILITY OVER THE ACT.

A

True

46
Q

T or F
A person who becomes aware of the state of ignorance he or she is in has moral obligation to correct it by employing enough diligence

A

TTTT

47
Q

True or False
AFFECTED IGNORANCE OR PRETENDED IGNORANCE DOES NOT EXCUSE A PERSON FROM HIS/HER BAD ACTIONS ON THE CONTRARY IT ACTUALLY INCREASES THEIR MALICE.

A

True

48
Q

This ignorance happens when a person really wants and chooses to be ignorant.

A

AFFECTED IGNORANCE OR PRETENDED IGNORANCE

49
Q

A strong or powerful feeling or emotion. bodily appetites or tendencies as experienced and expressed

A

Passion

50
Q

Either an inclination towards desirable objects or a tendency away from undesirable or harmful things.

A

Passion

51
Q

Passion include?

A

positive (love/desire/delight) and negative (hatred/horror/sadness).

52
Q

Passion are either?

A

Antecedent
Consequent

53
Q

Those can precede an act

A

Antecedent

54
Q

Passions that are intentionally aroused and kept

A

Consequent

55
Q

A person is emotionally aroused to perform an act

A

Antecedent

56
Q

True or False
Antecedent passion do not always destroy voluntariness, but they diminish accountability

A

True

57
Q

Dfference between antecedent and consequent

A

Antecedent:emotionally driven; Consequent:Intentionally driven

58
Q

True or False
Consequent passion do not lessen the voluntariness, but may even increase accountability.

A

True

59
Q

Disturbance of the mind of a person who is confronted by an impending danger or harm to himself or loved ones.

A

Fear

60
Q

an instinct of self preservation

A

Fear

61
Q

Certain Actions which by nature are dangerous or risky are done with varying degree of fear

A

ACTS DONE WITH FEAR

62
Q

Fear becomes a positive force of a person to act without careful deliberation

A

ACTS DONE OUT/BECAUSE OF FEAR

63
Q

Voluntary or Involuntary
Acts done “with” fear are

A

Voluntary

64
Q

Voluntary or Involuntary
Acts done “because of” is

A

Voluntary

65
Q

Voluntary or Involuntary
Acts done because of intense fear or panic are

A

Involuntary

66
Q

Any physical force exerted on a person by another person for the purpose of compelling to act against his will

A

VIOLENCE

67
Q

True or False
External actions performed by a person subjected to violence to which reasonable resistance has been offered are involuntary but are still accountable

A

False; they are not accountable

68
Q

A lasting readiness and facility, born of frequently repeated acts for acting in a certain manner

A

Habits

69
Q

Habit forming is easy but getting it rid is very difficult

true or nah

A

very true

70
Q

ACTIONS DONE BY FORCE OF A HABIT ARE VOLUNTARY IN A CAUSE

True or False

A

True

71
Q

Habit are result of previously willed acts done repeatedly thus it subjects to unconscious behavior and emanates involuntariness on the part of the person

True or False

A

False they done that repeatedly thus it emanates voluntariness

Summer Ethics (5 decks)

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