Chapter 3

Question 1

T or F
Culture plays a very influential and crucial role in the development and formation of one’s
moral character

Answer 1

T

Question 2

There is a particular moral view that claims
that morality is mainly, if not totally,
dependent on one’s cult. This kind of
framework or philosophy is known as

Answer 2

Ethical
Relativism.

Question 3

It refers to a view or doctrine that ethical
values and beliefs are relative to the time,
place, persons, situations and societies that
hold them

Answer 3

Ethical Relativism

Question 4

there are no universally valid moral principles; that all moral
values are valid relative to culture or individual
choice

Answer 4

Ethical Relativism

Question 5

What argument for ethical relativism states that many societies have held beliefs and
practices about morality that are strikingly
different

Answer 5

THE CULTURAL DIFFERENCES ARGUMENT

Question 6

what argument states:
It is believed that people would become more
accepting of moralities of others, no matter
how these may be radically different from their
own.

Answer 6

The argument from respect

Question 7

What Argument states:
Our values are simply the result of having been
conditioned to behave in a certain way.

Answer 7

Psychological Argument

Question 8

What Argument states:
- All of us human beings acquire our moral
beliefs by a process of Psychological
Conditioning, upbringing and nothing more
and nothing less

Answer 8

Psychological Argument

Question 9

What argument states:
As social beings by nature, it is but natural for
people to easily affiliate and conform to be
accepted ethical standards of the particular
group that they belong.

Answer 9

Conformity Argument

Question 10

What Argument states:
We should be able to prove that some moral
opinions are true and others false. But in fact
we cannot prove which moral opinions are true
and which are false. Therefore, there is no such
thing as objective truth in ethics

Answer 10

Provability Argument

Question 11

Who made:
so-called negatives in the Filipino
psyche, to determine whether there might be a
positive aspect, a saving face, a silver lining
behind the dark clouds

Answer 11

Prof. Quito

Question 12

POSITIVE
- It contributes to peace of mind and
lack of stress by not even trying to
achieve

Answer 12

Hiya (Shame)

Question 13

HIYA (SHAME) Negative

Answer 13

It arrests or inhibits one’s action. T

Question 14

Hiya (Shame) is associated to this statement from a person “Morality of slaves”

Answer 14

Nietzsche

Question 15

POSITIVE
- Begins ardently and dies down as soon
as it begins. This trait renders one
inactive and unable to initiate things or
to persevere.

Answer 15

NINGAS-COGON (PROCRASTINATION)

Question 16

NINGAS-COGON (PROCRASTINATION) Negative

Answer 16

Makes a person non-chalant, detached,
indifferent, should anything go wrong,
and hence conductive to peace and
tranquility.

Question 17

POSITIVE
- Because one lives for others; peace or
lack of dissension is a constant goal

Answer 17

Pakisama

Question 18

Negative - Because one closes one’s eyes to evils
like graft and corruption in order to
conserve peace and harmony in a
group at the expense of one’s comfort

Answer 18

Pakisama

Question 19

POSITIVE
- It is a sign that we know our rights and
are not easily cowed into submission.

Answer 19

PATIGASAN (TEST OF STRENGTH)

Question 20

NEGATIVE
- Because it is stubborn and resist all
efforts at reconciliation. The trait
makes us childish, vindictive,
irresponsible, irrational

Answer 20

PATIGASAN (TEST OF STRENGTH)

Question 21

POSITIVE
- Because one relies on a superior power
rather than on one”s own. It is
conductive to humility, modesty and
lack of ignorance.

Answer 21

BAHALA NA (RESIGNATION)

Question 22

Because one leaves everything to
chance under the pretext of trusting in
Divine providence Negative

Answer 22

BAHALA NA (RESIGNATION)

Question 23

POSITIVE
- Because one can see both sides of the
picture and know exactly where a
project failed. One will never suffer
from guilt or self recrimination

Answer 23

Kasi (Because, Scapegoat)

Question 24

NEGATIVE
- Because of one disowns responsibility
and makes a scapegoat out of
someone or something. One is never to
blame; one has a ready alibi for failure

Answer 24

KASI (BECAUSE, SCAPEGOAT)

Question 25

POSITIVE
- Because one’s psyche is saved from
undue embarrassment, sleepless
nights, remorse of conscience. It saves
one from accountability or
responsibility.

Answer 25

SAVING FACE

Question 26

NEGATIVE
- because, being closely related to hiya
and kasi, it enables a person to shirk
responsibility. One is never
accountable for anything.

Answer 26

SAVING FACE

Question 27

POSITIVE
- Because one cares for the family and
clan; one stands or falls with them. This
trait makes a person show concern for
the family to which he belongs.

Answer 27

SAKOP (INCLUSION)

Question 28

NEGATIVE
- Because one never learns to be on
one’s own but relies on one’s family
and relatives. This trait stunts growth
and prevents a person from growing
on one’s own. This mentality also
makes us consider the world as one
vast comfort room.

Answer 28

SAKOP (INCLUSION)

Question 29

POSITIVE
- Because one is without stress and
tension; one learns to take what comes
naturally

Answer 29

MAÑANA OR “BUKAS
NA/MAMAYANA”(PROCRASTINATION)

Question 30

NEGATIVE
- Because one constantly postpones
action and accomplishes nothing. This
aggravates a situation, a problem
grows beyond correction, a leak or a
small break becomes a gaping hole.
This arises from an idle mentality that
a problem will go away by itself.

Answer 30

MAÑANA OR “BUKAS
NA/MAMAYANA”(PROCRASTINATION)

Question 31

POSITIVE
- This trait portrays the spirit behind the
Filipino saying, “He who does not know
how to look to the past will never reach
his destination.”

Answer 31

UTANG NA LOOB (INDEBTEDNESS)

Question 32

NEGATIVE
- Because one overlooks moral
principles when one is indebted to person. One who is beholden to
another person will do anything to
please him, thinking that by doing so
he is able to repay a debt.

Answer 32

UTANG NA LOOB (INDEBTEDNESS)

Question 33

POSITIVE
- Because one take care of oneself and
one’s family: “Blood is thicker than
water.”

Answer 33

● KANYA KANYA (SELF- CENTEREDNESS)

Question 34

NEGATIVE
- Because self centered; one has no
regard for others. So long as my family
and I are not in need, I do not care
about the world.

Answer 34

KANYA KANYA (SELF- CENTEREDNESS)