CHAPTER 4

Question 1

When did were race crimes introduced?

Answer 1

1968 The race relations act made in illegal to refuse jobs, housing or public services on the basis of their ethnic background.

Question 2

When did Domestic violence become a crime?

Answer 2

1976, The domestic violence act.

Question 3

What were the social crimes between 1900-present?

Answer 3

Driving offences
Drug taking

Question 4

Describe the New opportunities for old Crimes.

Answer 4

Terrorism
People-trafficking
Cybercrime
Fraud
Copyright theft
Extortion (blackmailing)

Question 5

Describe the developments in policing since 1900

Answer 5

-In the 1920s Women were first recruited to join the police force
-There was a greater emphasis on training. In 1947 a police training college was set up to train new recruits.
-Other technological developments

Question 6

When was fingerprinting discovered?

Answer 6

1901

Question 7

When did car start being used in policing?

Answer 7

1930s

Question 8

When was the National Automatic Fingerprint system and national DNA created?

Answer 8

1995

Question 9

What were the Improvements in the different ways the police specialised?

Answer 9

Fraud Squad 1946
Specialist drug trade units 2013
Dog handling units 1946

Question 10

Explain the reasons for the abolition of the death penalty.

Answer 10

Attitudes towards society were changing
They were being less used

Question 11

Describe the changes in the Prison systems?

Answer 11

1896 mentally ill prisoners were treated separately to other prisoners
1902 Hard labour ended
1933 new focus on preparing prisoners for life after serving their sentence
1907 alternatives punishments to prisons were used

Question 12

Describe the changes in the treatment of young offenders.

Answer 12

Detention crimes were introduced as a deterrent
attendance centers were being used for young offenders

Question 13

Describe the Treatment of CO’s

Answer 13

They were punished by being sent to France to the front line
Some were sent to prison
Some were executed

Question 14

What were CO’s

Answer 14

In 1916 a military act was passed on where a compulsory service for the army was required. Some men refused to fight, because they said their conscience wouldn’t allow it e.g religious beliefs.

Question 15

How were CO’s treated in court

Answer 15

CO’s could give their reason to why they couldn’t join the army to the court however they weren’t given a fair hearing because:
-They were held locally and the judging panel was selected by the local authority, so there was a wide variation in ideas
-members of the panel were generally to old to be called up, but often had clear views on peoples duty to fight

Question 16

Why were CO’s treated so harshly

Answer 16

The casualty rate for soldiers in WW1 was high and the government were desperate to recruit soldiers. The government presented fighting as a mans duty, refusing to fight was seen as ‘unmanly’. Many people who’s family and friends died in war saw CO’s as unfair

Question 17

Why were CO’s treated so harshly

Answer 17

The casualty rate for soldiers in WW1 was high and the government were desperate to recruit soldiers. The government presented fighting as a mans duty, refusing to fight was seen as ‘unmanly’. Many people who’s family and friends died in war saw CO’s as unfair

Question 18

How were CO’s treated in WW2

Answer 18

During WW2 they were offered other occupations such as farm work, imprisoning CO’s were seen as a last resort

Question 19

Describe the race crime

Answer 19

In the 1950s people from common wealth countries moved into England. As Britain became more multi-cultural laws were set out to make sure groups were treated fairly. e.g race relations act 1968

Question 20

Describe the crime of domestic violence

Answer 20

During the 20th century, significant laws were made to tackle violence and intimidation to people in relationships. e.g. Domestic violence act, 1976

Question 21

Describe the attitudes towards social crimes

Answer 21

Smuggling, Driving offences and drug taking would be seen as a social crime

Question 22

Describe the development in policing since 1900

Answer 22

Science and technology, finger printing, DNA
Police cars
Policing software

Question 23

when was fingerprinting discovered

Answer 23

1901

Question 24

When was the national automatic fingerprint identification system

Answer 24

1995

Question 25

When were breathalyzers introduced

Answer 25

1967

Question 26

What was the borastals

Answer 26

First set up in 1902 they were prisons for boys to stop the influence from the older convicts. They focused on education rather than punishment reoffending rated increased by 30% overtime.

Question 27

What were the young justice reforms in the 1940s

Answer 27

The labour government which came to power after the second world war, introduced many changed such as the criminal justice act 1948

Question 28

What was the criminal justice act

Answer 28

1948
-A graduated system of prison, depending on the seriousness of the crime and the offenders record
-detention centers being introduced as a deterrent for young offenders, more relaxed than borstals

Question 29

What were the youth justice reforms in the 1960s

Answer 29

The children and young persons act of 1963 and 1969 changed the treatment of young offenders in juvenile courts. The 1963 act focused on the importance of caring for and protecting young offenders and raised the age of criminal responsibility from 8 to 10 years