CHAPTER 4 Flashcards
When did were race crimes introduced?
1968 The race relations act made in illegal to refuse jobs, housing or public services on the basis of their ethnic background.
When did Domestic violence become a crime?
1976, The domestic violence act.
What were the social crimes between 1900-present?
Driving offences
Drug taking
Describe the New opportunities for old Crimes.
Terrorism
People-trafficking
Cybercrime
Fraud
Copyright theft
Extortion (blackmailing)
Describe the developments in policing since 1900
-In the 1920s Women were first recruited to join the police force
-There was a greater emphasis on training. In 1947 a police training college was set up to train new recruits.
-Other technological developments
When was fingerprinting discovered?
1901
When did car start being used in policing?
1930s
When was the National Automatic Fingerprint system and national DNA created?
1995
What were the Improvements in the different ways the police specialised?
Fraud Squad 1946
Specialist drug trade units 2013
Dog handling units 1946
Explain the reasons for the abolition of the death penalty.
Attitudes towards society were changing
They were being less used
Describe the changes in the Prison systems?
1896 mentally ill prisoners were treated separately to other prisoners
1902 Hard labour ended
1933 new focus on preparing prisoners for life after serving their sentence
1907 alternatives punishments to prisons were used
Describe the changes in the treatment of young offenders.
Detention crimes were introduced as a deterrent
attendance centers were being used for young offenders
Describe the Treatment of CO’s
They were punished by being sent to France to the front line
Some were sent to prison
Some were executed
What were CO’s
In 1916 a military act was passed on where a compulsory service for the army was required. Some men refused to fight, because they said their conscience wouldn’t allow it e.g religious beliefs.
How were CO’s treated in court
CO’s could give their reason to why they couldn’t join the army to the court however they weren’t given a fair hearing because:
-They were held locally and the judging panel was selected by the local authority, so there was a wide variation in ideas
-members of the panel were generally to old to be called up, but often had clear views on peoples duty to fight
Why were CO’s treated so harshly
The casualty rate for soldiers in WW1 was high and the government were desperate to recruit soldiers. The government presented fighting as a mans duty, refusing to fight was seen as ‘unmanly’. Many people who’s family and friends died in war saw CO’s as unfair
Why were CO’s treated so harshly
The casualty rate for soldiers in WW1 was high and the government were desperate to recruit soldiers. The government presented fighting as a mans duty, refusing to fight was seen as ‘unmanly’. Many people who’s family and friends died in war saw CO’s as unfair
How were CO’s treated in WW2
During WW2 they were offered other occupations such as farm work, imprisoning CO’s were seen as a last resort
Describe the race crime
In the 1950s people from common wealth countries moved into England. As Britain became more multi-cultural laws were set out to make sure groups were treated fairly. e.g race relations act 1968
Describe the crime of domestic violence
During the 20th century, significant laws were made to tackle violence and intimidation to people in relationships. e.g. Domestic violence act, 1976
Describe the attitudes towards social crimes
Smuggling, Driving offences and drug taking would be seen as a social crime
Describe the development in policing since 1900
Science and technology, finger printing, DNA
Police cars
Policing software
when was fingerprinting discovered
1901
When was the national automatic fingerprint identification system
1995
When were breathalyzers introduced
1967
What was the borastals
First set up in 1902 they were prisons for boys to stop the influence from the older convicts. They focused on education rather than punishment reoffending rated increased by 30% overtime.
What were the young justice reforms in the 1940s
The labour government which came to power after the second world war, introduced many changed such as the criminal justice act 1948
What was the criminal justice act
1948
-A graduated system of prison, depending on the seriousness of the crime and the offenders record
-detention centers being introduced as a deterrent for young offenders, more relaxed than borstals
What were the youth justice reforms in the 1960s
The children and young persons act of 1963 and 1969 changed the treatment of young offenders in juvenile courts. The 1963 act focused on the importance of caring for and protecting young offenders and raised the age of criminal responsibility from 8 to 10 years
