CHAPTER 3 Flashcards
Describe the continuing and changing factors of smuggling
The general idea was the same, but operations were more controlled and items were smuggled around long stretches of the south coast of England
Explain what highway robbery is
The crime of highway robbery involved threatening or attacking travelers and forcing them to hand over their valuable possessions.
What were the main reasons for Highway robbery and why was it a serious crime
Many roads improved
Trade increased so moving goods was common
Highway robbery: disrupted travel between towns, the crime was committed on the kings highway
Describe the continuing and changing factors of poaching
Poaching continued to be a widespread crime after 1700, as with smuggling there was a rise in gangs. Poaching gang raids caused the 1723 Black Act to be passed making the poaching punishment much harsher.
Who were the Tolpuddle martyrs
They were a group of people who got accused by the government for administering an illegal oath, however the real motive for their arrest was to stop their political activities. They wanted to protest for higher wages but their plan failed and they got sentenced to seven years transportation to Australia
Describe the decline of the bloody code
During Early 19th century many people questioned the bloody code and believed better and more effective punishments should be found
Describe the end of Transportation
Back in 1610, convicts were sent to colonies in Nort America. After 1783 America gained independence, this resulted in the convicts being sent to Australia, However many people believed the ex-convicts were the result of high crimes in Australia so Transportation ended shortly after.
Explain the end of the bloody code
As time went on executions were made public and treated as a carnival, which attracted large crowds and ultimately caused more crimes.
Describe the actions and thoughts of John Howard
Howards believes that criminals will only change their ways if given a reasonable standard of living
He recommends clean, decent food and water, useful work, Christian teaching, private cells to allow reflection
Describe the actions and thoughts of Elizabeth Fry
Helps ensure female wardens are employed to work with female and child prisoners
organizes prison education for women and children at Newgate
Improves living conditions, providing prisons with furniture and clothing
What was The Bow street runners
They were a crime-fighting team established in 1748.
Explain the significance of The Bow Street Runners
The Bow street runners created a strong deterrent against crimes. They mainly organised regular foot and horse patrols
The success of Bow Street Runners led to more detective officers being set in 1792.
Explain what the population thought about the law and order in19th century
The mixture on the part-time constable, watchmen and the Bow Street runners was not sufficient to deal with law and order properly
some people were worried about their personal freedoms
others thought it was too expensive to fund
Explain the creation of the first Police force
In 1829 England’s first police force was created. It was called the Met police force. They had 17 districts, 4 inspectors and 144 contsables.
When was the CID set up
1883
