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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four types of tissue?

A

connective tissue, epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of epithelial tissue?

A

covers all body surfaces both inside and out. attached to underlying connective tissue at the basement membrane. no vascular tissue/blood supply. reproduces rapidly/heals rapidly. cells are tightly packed together

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3
Q

epithelial function

A

protection, secretion, absorption, excretion, and senses

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4
Q

location of epithelial

A

The outer layer of your skin (epidermis). The lining of your intestines. The lining of your respiratory tract.

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5
Q

what are the layers of epithelial tissue

A

simple and stratified squamous, cuboidal, and columnar, pseudostratified columnar, transitional epithelium, glandular epithelium

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6
Q

simple squamous

A

diffusion and flitration, blood vessels, lungs, heart, kidneys

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7
Q

stratified squamous

A

protect and act as a barrier, skin, mouth, throat, esophagus

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8
Q

simple cuboidal

A

secrection, glands, ovaries, kidneys

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9
Q

simple columnar

A

secrete mucus and absorption, stomach, intestines, resp. tract

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10
Q

pseudostratified columnar,

A

secrete mucus and propel debris out of resp. tract (cilia), nasal cavity and trachea

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11
Q

transitional epithelium,

A

holds fluids, urinary bladder

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12
Q

glandular epithelium

A

secrete substances onto a surface, into a cavity, or into blood
exocrine: glands with ducts, salivary, sweat
endocrine: no ducts, horomones

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of connective tissue?

A

cells are far apart, contains large amounts of matrix, most abundant tissue, binds structures together, provides support and protection, stores fat, produces blood cells, and fights infection

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14
Q

Types of protein fibers

A

1.collagen - looks like ropes and are flexible
2.reticular - supporting network that fills spaces between organs and tissues
3.elastic - recoil after being stretched

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15
Q

Loose C.T./Areolar Tissue

A
  • between organs, muscles, glands, skin
  • collagen fibers far apart
  • binds skin to underlying organs and organs to organs, supports, and protects
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16
Q

Dense/Fibrous C.T.

A
  • tendons, ligaments, skin
  • collagen fibers packed close together
  • connect and can withstand pulling forces, slow healing because of poor blood supply
17
Q

tendons vs. ligaments

A

tendons - muscles to bones
ligaments - bones to bones

18
Q

Adipose Tissue

A
  • under skin and around organs
  • collagen and elastic fibers, cells filled with lipids
  • storage for energy, insulation to preserve body heat, cushion
19
Q

Cartilage

A
  • chondrocytes
  • hyaline, elastic, and fibro
20
Q

hyaline cartilage

A
  • covers ends of bones
  • some collagen fibers
  • reduces friction
21
Q

Elastic cartilage

A
  • ear and tip of nose
  • elastic fibers
  • can recoil
22
Q

fibrocartilage

A
  • between vertebra
  • lots of collagen fibers
  • can withstand compression
23
Q

bone tissue

A
  • hard connective tissue (osseous)
  • composed of osteocytes
  • rigid due to mineral salts
24
Q

blood tissue

A
  • liquid connective tissue
  • circulates throughout the body
  • transports food, oxygen, waste, and hormones
25
Q

What are the characteristics of muscle tissue?

A

skeletal, smooth, and cardiac

26
Q

Skeletal muscle

A
  • attached to bone or other connective tissues
  • voluntary (striated)
  • movement of the body
27
Q

Smooth muscle

A
  • skin and eyes, hollow organs; stomach and intestines
  • involuntary, not striated
  • regulates the size of organs, forces fluid through tubes, controls the amount of light entering the eye, produces goose bumps in the skin
28
Q

Cardiac muscle

A
  • in the heart
  • involuntary, striated, connected to one another by intercalated disks
  • pumps the blood
29
Q

What are the characteristics of nervous tissue?

A
  • consists of neurons or nerve cells
  • found in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves
  • controls and coordinates body movements
  • nearons: transmit signals
  • neuroglia: protection, support
30
Q

what is a membrane?

A

thin sheets of tissue that cover the body, line body cavities, and cover organs within the cavities in hollow organs. made mostly of proteins and lipids such as phospholipids.

31
Q

Cutaneous membranes

A
  • skin, integumentary system
  • the epidermis which is the outer epithelium tissue and dermis is the connective tissue.
32
Q

Mucous (mucosa) membranes

A
  • line the insides of hollow organs that open to the outside
  • Mouth, rectum, reproductive, urinary
33
Q

Serous membrane

A
  • lung, abdominal, and heart cavities
  • made of simple squamous epithelium that is on top of a loose areolar connective tissue.

Anatomy and Physiology (14 decks)

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