Chapter 1

Question 1

anatomy

Answer 1

structure of body parts

Question 2

physiology

Answer 2

function of body parts and what they do and how

Question 3

Explain the importance of the relationship of structure and function

Answer 3

Structure determines function and if the structure is altered, the function is altered.

Question 4

State two major goals of physiology.

Answer 4

1.To understand and predict the body’s responses to stimuli.
2.To understand how the body maintains conditions within a narrow range of values in the presence of a continually changing environment.

Question 5

Describe the six levels of organization of the body and the major characteristics of each.

Answer 5

1.atoms/molecule - the proton, electron and neutron.
2.cells - basic unit of life and the smallest unit capable of reproduction.
3.Tissues - a group of cells that work together to accomplish one or more specific functions.
4.organs - when two or more tissues work together for a specific function.
5.organ systems - when two or more organs work together for a specific function.
6.organism - reduces complex anatomical structures into groups

Question 6

List the 11 organ systems and give the major functions of each.

Answer 6

1.Circulatory System
2.Digestive System
3.Endocrine System
4.Urinary System/Excretory
5.Lymphatic
6.Integumentary System
7.Muscular System
8.Nervous System
9.Reproductive System
10.Respiratory System
11.Skeletal System
*Major functions on quizlet

Question 7

List six characteristics of life.

Answer 7

1.organization
2.metabolism/energy
3.responsiveness
4.movement
5.growth/development
6.reproduction

Question 8

Define homeostasis and its importance.

Answer 8

tendency of the body to maintain a stable, balanced, internal environment. if the body falls out of balance, it could lead to death.

Question 9

Define negative and positive feedback.

Answer 9

Positive - occurs to increase the change or output. the result of a reaction is amplified to make it occur more quickly (contractions in child birth)

Negative - occurs to reduce the change or output. the result of a reaction is reduced to bring the system back to a stable state. (regulation of blood glucose levels)

Question 10

Describe a person in anatomical position.

Answer 10

prone/posterior - facing down
supine/anterior - facing up

Question 11

Define and utilize directional terms.

Answer 11

Anterior: front.
Posterior: behind
Distal: Away from the origin
Proximal: closer to the origin
Dorsal: Near the upper surface, toward the back
Ventral: Toward the bottom, toward the belly
Superior: Above

Question 12

Describe the functions of serous membranes.

Answer 12

line and enclose several body cavities, known as serous cavities, where they secrete a lubricating fluid to reduce friction from muscle movements.