Chapter 3 Flashcards
Describe the structure of the plasma membrane and relate it to its functions.
Consists of both lipids and proteins and is a Phospholipid bilayer that regulates cell transport; involved in cell to cell recognition.
Why is the plasma membrane described using the “fluid-mosaic model?”
it’s how scientists describe what the cell membrane looks and functions like, because it is made up of a bunch of different molecules that are distributed across the membrane
Compare passive and active transport.
Active transport requires energy for the movement of molecules whereas passive transport does not require energy for the movement of molecules.
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What is gene expression?
the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product that enables it to produce end products, protein or non-coding RNA, and ultimately affect a phenotype, as the final effect
what is the purpose of gene expression
it allows a cell to respond to its changing environment. It acts as both an on/off switch to control when proteins are made and also a volume control that increases or decreases the amount of proteins made
protein synthesis
Protein synthesis is the process in which cells make proteins. It occurs in two stages: transcription and translation.
Transcription is the transfer of genetic instructions in DNA to mRNA in the nucleus. Translation occurs at the ribosome, which consists of rRNA and proteins. In translation, the instructions in mRNA are read, and tRNA brings the correct sequence of amino acids to the ribosome.
DNA base pairing
Under normal circumstances, the nitrogen-containing bases adenine (A) and thymine (T) pair together, and cytosine (C) and guanine (G) pair together. The binding of these base pairs forms the structure of DNA.
What is the purpose of cell division?
Cell division for growth and repair creates exact copies of a cell and makes it possible for a living thing to grow. It creates new cells to replace damaged or dead cells and for body tissue such as skin to continuously renew itself.
