Chapter 4 Flashcards
An adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells.
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
A chemical group consisting of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms; can act as a base in solution, accepting a hydrogen ion and acquiring a charge of 1 +.
Amino group
A chemical group present in aldehydes and ketones and consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.
Carbonyl group
A chemical group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group.
Carboxyl group
One of several compounds that have the same molecular formula and covalent bonds between atoms but differ in the spatial arrangements of their atoms owing to the inflexibility of double bonds; formerly called a geometric isomer.
Cis-trans isomer
One of two compounds that are mirror images of each other and that differ in shape due to the presence of an asymmetric carbon.
Enantiomer
A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and involved in chemical reactions.
Functional group
An organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen.
Hydrocarbon
A chemical group consisting of an oxygen atom joined to a hydrogen atom. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols.
Hydroxyl group
One of two or more compounds that have the same numbers of atoms of the same elements but different structures and hence different properties.
Isomer
A chemical group consisting of a carbon bonded to three hydrogen atoms. The methyl group may be attached to a carbon or to a different atom.
Methyl group
The study of carbon compounds (organic compounds).
Organic chemistry
A chemical group consisting of a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms; important in energy transfer.
Phosphate group
One of two or more compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangements of their atoms.
Structural isomer
A chemical group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom.
Sulfhydryl group
