Chapter 4 Flashcards
What is organic chemistry?
Understanding carbon molecules and how they work with other atoms
How many atoms can carbon bond to, and why?
4 because it has 4 valence electrons. The electron configuration of carbon gives it covalence compatibility with many elements
What is the “building code” that governs the architecture of living molecules? What are the common partners of carbon in this building code?
Valence electrons of Carbon and its most frequent partners H, O, and N
Every carbon atom must have __ bonds in organic molecules
4
What are isomers, and the different types of isomers?
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and properties
A. Structural isomers
B. Cis-trans isomers
C. Enantiomers
What is difference between structural isomer and its original structure/property?
Structural isomers have different covalent arrangements of their atoms (skeleton looks different)
What is difference between cis-trans isomer and its original structure/property?
Cis-trans isomers have same covalent bonds but differ in spatial arrangements (skeleton looks the same but has different placement of its elements)
What is difference between enantiomers and its original structure/property?
Enantiomers are mirror images of the original
Why are enantiomers important in pharmaceuticals?
Two enantiomers can have different effects. Usually only one is biologically active
What is a functional group, and what is its main base?
The chunks to put on compounds to give molecule a unique property. Carbon is its main base
What are the 7 functional groups that are important to life?
- Hydroxyl
- Carbonyl
- Carboxyl
- Amino
- Sulfhydryl
- Phosphate
- Methyl
What is adenosine triphosphate’s role in the cell?
ATP is the primary energy-transferring molecule in the cell
What is ATP made of?
Organic molecule adenosine is attached to a string of 3 phosphate groups
How does ATP turn into energy?
Water is added, and phosphate is removed
ATP + H2O -> P (inorganic) + ADP + energy
