Chapter 4 Flashcards
Evolution
The slow continual change of organisms over a very lng time
What happens if a species doesn’t adapt to what factors
Increased competition
Changes in the enviroment
New diseases
New predators
What makes evolution happen
All living things produce more offspring than survive to adulthood, however population remains roughly constant
Variation exist among species
Characteristics get passed on
What proves natural selection
Fossils
4 steps to how evolution happens
Each species shows variation
There is competition within each species for food, living space, water etc
The better adapted members of these species are more likely to survive
Survivors will pass on their better genes to their offspring who will also show this beneficial variation
What was Lamark’s incorrect theory
Whatever one generation does will pass it onto the next generation
Other name for family tree
Cladogram
What do fossils show
The most recent fossils are the most complex - gradual change as they have evolved into more complex fossils
Taxonomy and who came up with it
Carl Linnaeus - study of biological classification
Convergent evolution
If you live in similar habitats, you will eventually all look similar so that hey can survive in that habitat
One possible definition of a species
Whether ir not the animals within it are capable of reproducing fertile offspring
What did Carl Woese suggest
3 domain classifications based on fundamental differences in their DNA instead of their looks
Phylogeny
Study of evolutionary history of a group of organisms
Selective breeding
When humans choose an organism that has a certain characteristic and then breed more of these organisms,
making that chosen characteristic more and more obvious.
Breed
Group of animals of the same species that have characteristics that make them different to other members of the species.
