Chapter 4 Flashcards
What are biological factors?
relate to structure of cells, tissues and systems of body and how adequately they function
What are the 6 biological factors?
- Body Weight
- Blood pressure
- Blood cholesterol
- Glucose regulation
- Birth weight
- Genetics (sex and hormones)
Biological factor: Blood pressure
Blood causes pressure on the blood vessel walls as it is pushed around the body by the heart
How does blood pressure increase/decrease?
Increase –> heart contract and blood pushed around body
Decrease –> heart relax and fill more blood –> pressure on walls decrease
What is hypertension?
High blood pressure = hypertension
- Blood not flow through vessels as easily as normal bp
- heart and kidneys (regulate bp and filter blood) –> work harder –> blood flow restricted
What are some risk factors of hypertension?
- High BMI
- Stress
- Smoking
- Poor diet (excess sodium)
Biological factor: Blood Cholesterol
excess LDL in blood –> deposited on walls of blood vessels –> blood less room to travel to cells –> lead to CVD
Biological Factors: Glucose Regulation
what happens when it rises?
Glucose = fuel for energy within cells
Obtained from breaking down carbohydrates –> carb eaten –> glucose absorbed into bloodstream
blood glucose levels rise –> insulin released from pancreas to allow glucose to travel from bloodstream into the cells to be used for energy.
If blood glucose levels are consistently high, then the levels of insulin are also high. If this occurs over a long period of time, the cells can become resistant to the action of insulin, preventing glucose from being absorbed. – Can lead to Diabetes Type 2
Biological Factors: Glucose Regulation
what happens when it rises?
Glucose = fuel for energy within cells
Obtained from breaking down carbohydrates –> carb eaten –> glucose absorbed into bloodstream
blood glucose levels rise –> insulin released from pancreas to allow glucose to travel from bloodstream into cells to be used for energy
what does high glucose levels cause?
blood glucose levels consistently high –> levels of insulin high –> occur long time –> cells become resistant to action of insulin –> prevent glucose from being absorbed –> lead to diabetes Type 2
What are sociocultural factors?
Relate to the social and cultural conditions into which people are born, grow, live, work and age
What are the 8 sociocultural factors?
- Socioeconomic status
- Unemployment
- Social connections and social exclusion
- Social isolation
- Cultural norms
- Food security
- Early life experiences
- Access to healthcare
Sociocultural factors - Unemployment
Concerned about job security –> elevated levels of stress and anxiety of being unemployed –> increased risk of cardiovascular disease –> increase mortality and morbidity
Sociocultural factors - Access to healthcare
Health care = services that promote and preserve H+W where diagnose, treat and/or manage disease and illness
Cultural beliefs: e.g Indigenous people may find it culturally inappropriate to access Western medicine and associate hospitals with death.
Financial Barriers: Patients may be responsible for paying health care services –> Low socioeconomic status may avoid health care
Sociocultural factors - Access to healthcare on Health status
Increased mortality rates –> decreased LE –> Diseases not detected earlier –> decreases the success of treatment
