Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CS 008 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Hardware

A

Physical components of a computer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Central processing unit (CPU)

A

Primary microprocessor that behaves as the brain of the computer, controls all functions performed by other components, and processes all the commands it receives. Housed inside the system unit on the motherboard, consists of two parts: arithmetic logic and the control unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Processor

A

Short for CPU, brain of computer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Motherboard

A

The main circuit board of a computer, which houses the CPU, drives controllers and interfaces, expansion slots, data buses, ports and connectors, the BIOS and memory. It provides a way for devices to attach to the computer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Arithmetic logic (ALU)

A

The part of a processor that performs arithmetic ( addition and subtraction) and logic calculations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Control Unit

A

The part of the processor that manages the movement of data through the CPU

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Instruction cycle

A

The steps a CPU uses to process data: fetch, decode, execute, store, aka machine cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Machine or instruction cycle

A

Fetch: an instruction is retrieved from the main memory
Decode: the control unit translates the instruction into a computer command
Execute: The ALU processes the command
Store: the results are written back to memory (stored)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Clock speed

A

The speed at which a processor executes the instruction cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Gigahertz (GHZ)

A

A measure of the speed at which a processor executes the information cycle. 1 GHz is equal to 1 billion cycles per second

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Floating point operations per second (FLOPS)

A

A measurement of computer performance typically used to describe super computers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Multi core processor

A

A processor that consists of two or more processors integrated on a single chip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Graphics processing unit

A

A processor found on a video card

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Bitcoin

A

An anonymous digital encrypted currency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Parallel processing

A

The process of using multiple processors, or multi core processors to divide up processing tasks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hyper threading

A

A virtual form of parallel processing, used in processors built by Intel, which enables a single CPU to appear as two logical processors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pipelining

A

A method used by a single processor to process multiple instructions simultaneously. As soon as the first instruction has moved from the fetch stage to the decode stage, the processor fetches the next instruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Heat sink

A

A part of the cooling system of a computer mounted above the CPU and composed of metal or ceramic to draw heat away from the processor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

System unit

A

The case that encloses and protects the power supply, motherboard, CPU, and memory of a computer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Peripheral devices

A

Components that serve the input, output, and storage functions of a computer system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Drive controller

A

A component located on the motherboard that provides a drive interface, which connects disk drives to the processor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

SATA (serial advanced technology attachment)

A

The standard internal drive interface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

EIDE (enhanced integrated drive electronics)

A

A legacy drive interface found on the motherboards of older personal computers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Expansion cards

A

A card that plugs directly into an expansion slot on a motherboard and enables you to connect additional peripheral devices to a computer. Also called an adapter card.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Expansion slot

A

A interface on a motherboard that expansion cards plug into

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

PCIe (PCI Express)

A

A faster version of PCI used to connect peripheral devices to a computer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

PCI (Peripheral component interconnect)

A

A legacy type of expansion slot on a motherboard used to connect peripheral devices to a computer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Data buses

A

A wire on a motherboard over which information flows between the components of a computer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Ports

A

A connection point that is used to attach a peripheral device to a motherboard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Universal Serial Bus (USB)

A

A standard port type that is used to connect many types of devices including, printers, keyboards, mice, digital cameras etc. up to 127 devices an share a single usb port

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Hot swappable

A

A device that can be plugged in and unplugged without turning off the computer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

FireWire

A

A hot swappable port that can connect up to 63 ports, it also allows for peer to peer communication between devices, such as two video cameras, without the use of a computer. Also known as IEEE 1394

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Thunderbolt

A

A port that carries both PCIe and DisplayPort video signals on the same cable so it can be used to connect many different types of peripherals to a computer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Bluetooth

A

A technology that connects peripherals wirelessly at short ranges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Memory

A

Temporary storage that a computer uses to hold instructions and data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Volatile memory

A

Requires power, memory is lost when power is turned off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Nonvolatile memory

A

Does not need power to maintain its data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

BIOS ( basic input/output system)

A

A program stored in a chip on a motherboard that is used to start up a computer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Booting

A

The process of loading the operating system when starting up a computer

40
Q

Read only memory (ROM)

A

A nonvolatile form of memory that does no need power to retain data

41
Q

CMOS( complementary metal oxide semiconductor)

A

A volatile form of memory that uses a small battery to provide it with power to keep the data in memory even when the computer is turned off. It stores settings that are used by the BIOS

42
Q

Unified extensible firmware interface (UEFI)

A

A specification that defines how software and hardware interact in a system, used to boot and configure a computer

43
Q

Random access memory (RAM)

A

A volatile form of memory that holds the operating system, programs, and data the computer is currently using

44
Q

Cache memory

A

Fast memory that stores frequently accessed information close to the processor

45
Q

Optical discs

A

A form of removable storage where data is stored by using a laser to either melt the disc material or change the color of embedded dye. A laser reads the variations as binary data

46
Q

CD (compact disc)

A

The oldest type of optical disc in use today, with a storage capacity of about 700MB

47
Q

DVD (digital video disc/digital versatile disc)

A

An optical disc that can hold more information than a CD

48
Q

Blue ray disc

A

An optical disc that uses a violet laser to read and write data

49
Q

Flash memory

A

A nonvolatile form of memory that can be electrically erased and programmed

50
Q

Solid state drive (SSD)

A

A small drive that uses flash memory to store data

51
Q

Flash drive

A

A small, portable solid state drive with a USB interface

52
Q

Memory card

A

A storage medium that uses flash memory to store data

53
Q

Hard drive

A

The primary mass storage device in a computer that store data magnetically on metal platters. Also called a hard disk or hard disk drive

54
Q

Input device

A

A device used to enter data into a computer

55
Q

Output device

A

A device that returns processed information to the user

56
Q

Moniter

A

A video output that works by lighting up pixels on a screen. Each pixel contains three colors—red green and blue (RBG) and colors can be created by varying the intensities of these three colors

57
Q

Pixel

A

Short for pixel element, a single point on a display screen. Each pixel contains three colors: red blue green

58
Q

Resolution

A

The number of horizontal by vertical pixels pixels—example 1280x1024— on a display screen
The measure of the number of pixels in an image, expressed in megapixels

59
Q

CRT moniter

A

A legacy display technology that uses a cathode ray tube to excite phosphor particles coating a glass screen to light up the pixels

60
Q

Legacy technology

A

Old technology that still used alongside its more modern replacement because it works and is cost effective

61
Q

Liquid crystal displays (LCD)

A

A flat panel display type found on most desktop and notebook computers that consists of two layers of glass glued together with a layer of liquid crystals between them.
When electricity is passed through the individual crystals it causes them to pass or clock light to create an image

62
Q

OLED (organic light emitting diode)

A

A monitor composed of extremely thin panels of organic molecules sandwiched between two electrodes

63
Q

DLP (digital light processing) projector

A

A projector that uses hundred of thousands of tiny swiveling mirrors to create an image

64
Q

LCD projector

A

A projector that passes through a prism, which divides the light into three beams— red blue green— which are then passed through a LCD screen

65
Q

Video card

A

An expansion card that provides the data signal and connection for a monitor or projector. It may also include input ports to connect a TV tune or another video device to the system

66
Q

VGA (video graphics array)

A

A legacy analogy video standard

67
Q

DVI (digital visual interface)

A

An older, digital video standard that was designed to replace VGA

68
Q

HDMI (high definition multimedia interface)

A

A digital port that can transmit both Audio and video signals. It is the standard connection for high def tvs and video game consoles and other media devices

69
Q

Sound card

A

An expansion card that provides audio connections for both audio input devices and output devices

70
Q

CMYK

A

the standard ink colors used by printers; cyan, magenta, yellow and black (key)

71
Q

Dye sublimation printer

A

A printer that uses heat to turn solid dye into a gas that is then transferred to special paper

72
Q

Thermal printer

A

A printer that creates an image by heating specially coated heat sensitive paper, which changes color where the heat is applied

73
Q

Laser printer

A

A printer that uses a laser beam to draw an image on a drum. The image electrostatic-ally charged and attracts a dry ink called toner. The drum is then rolled over paper and toner is deposited on the paper, finally the paper is heated and pressure is applied, bonding the ink to the paper

74
Q

Plotters

A

A printer that uses one or more pens to draw an image on a roll of paper

75
Q

Adaptive technology

A

Software and hardware used by individuals with disabilities to interact with technology. Also called assistive technology

76
Q

Communication devices

A

A device that serves as both input and output device and enables you to connect to other devices on a network or to the internet

77
Q

Network adapter

A

A communication device used to establish a connection with a network. The adaptor may be onboard, an expansion card, or a USB device and may be wired or wireless. Also called a network interface card (NIC)

78
Q

Modem

A

A communication device that modulates digital data into an analog signal that can be transmitted over a phone line and on the receiving end, demodulates the analog signal back into digital data

79
Q

System software

A

The software that makes a computer run

80
Q

Operating system (OS)

A

System software that provides the user with an interface to communicate with the hardware and software of a computer. The os also manages system resources

81
Q

User interface

A

The part of a operating system that you see and interact with

82
Q

Graphic user interface (GUI)

A

The interface between a user and a computer. A GUI allows a user to point to and click on objects such as icons and buttons to initiate commands

83
Q

Plug and play (PnP)

A

An operating system feature that allows you to easily add new hardware to a computer system. When you plug in a new piece of hardware the OS detects it and helps you set it up

84
Q

Device driver

A

A piece of software that acts as a translator enhancing the capabilities of the operating system by enabling it to communicate with hardware

85
Q

Application programming interface (API)

A

The feature of an operating system that enables an application to request services from the operating system such as a request to print or save a file

86
Q

Linux

A

An open source operating system distribution that contains the Linux kernel and bundles utilities and applications

87
Q

Unix

A

A multiuser OS developed on the 1970s primarily used in servers and some specialized workstations

88
Q

Network operating system (NOS)

A

A specialized operating system found on a servers client —server network that provides services requested by the client computers such as files services printing services centralized security and communication services

89
Q

Formatting

A

The process of preparing a disk to store files by dividing it into tracks and sectors and setting up the file system

90
Q

Clusters

A

One or more sectors on a disk where data is stored

91
Q

File system

A

The system that keeps track of files that are saved and where they’re stored on the disk

92
Q

File fragmentation

A

Unorganized files that are broken into small pieces and stored in non adjacent or non contiguous clusters on the disk

93
Q

Defragmenter

A

A disk utility that reorganizes fragmented files on a disk

94
Q

Firewall

A

A device or software that blocks unauthorized access to a network or an individual computer

95
Q

Malware

A

A computer program that’s designed to be harmful or malicious

96
Q

Antivirus program

A

A form of security software that protects against viruses, Trojan horses, worms and spyware

97
Q

Anti spyware software

A

A form of security software used to prevent and remove adware and spyware infections

CS 008 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions