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CS 008 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

American Standard Code for Information Exchange (ASCII)

A

A 8-bit binary code set with 256 characters

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2
Q

All-in-one computer

A

A compact desktop computer with an integrated monitor and system unit

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3
Q

Analytical Engine

A

A mechanical computer designed, but not built, in the early 19th century by mathematician Charles Babbage that could be programmed using punch cards

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4
Q

Artificial Intelligence

A

The branch of science concerned with making computers behave like humans

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5
Q

Augmented Reality

A

An overlay of virtual content on the physical world. The virtual content does not interact with the physical world

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6
Q

Binary (base 2) number system

A

A number system that has only two digits, 0 & 1

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7
Q

Binary code

A

A system that represent digital data as a series of 0s and 1s that can be understood by a computer

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8
Q

Bioinformatics

A

The application of information technology to the field of biology

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9
Q

Bit

A

A binary digit, the smallest unit of digital information

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10
Q

Byte

A

A unit of digital information that consists of 8 bits; used to represent a single characters in modern computer systems

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11
Q

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

A

The primary microprocessor that behaves as the brain of the computer, controls all functions performed by other components, and processes all the commands it receives. Housed inside the system unit on the motherboard, it consists of two parts: the arithmetic logic unit and control unit

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12
Q

Chrome book

A

A sub notebook that runs the chrome OS

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13
Q

Client

A

A computer that connects to, or requests services from, another computer called a server

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14
Q

Computer

A

A programmable machine that converts raw data into useful information

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15
Q

Convergence

A

The integration of technology on multifunction devices such as a smartphones

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16
Q

Convertible Notebook

A

A type of notebook computer that has a screen that can swivel to fold into what resembles a notepad or tablet

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17
Q

Data

A

The unprocessed, or raw, form of information

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18
Q

Desktop computer

A

A personal computer that fits into a workspace, such as a desk or computer

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19
Q

Distributed computing

A

Processing of a task that is distributed accords a group of computers

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20
Q

Drone

A

An auto raft piloted by remote control or onboard computers, known as UAS

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21
Q

Electronic Numerical integrator or computer

A

The first working, digital, general purpose computer

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22
Q

Embedded computer

A

A specialized computer found in ordinary devices, such as gasoline pumps, supermarket checkouts, traffic lights, and home appliances

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23
Q

Enterprise server

A

A large computer that can perform millions of transactions in a day

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24
Q

Ergonomics

A

The study of the relationship between workers and their workspaces

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25
Q

Geocaching

A

An electronic scavenger hunt played around the world. Geocachers hide geocaches and post GPS coordinates on the internet.

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26
Q

Global Positioning System (GPS)

A

A system of 24 satellites that transmit signals that can be picked to by a receiver on the ground and used to determine the receiver’s current location, time and velocity through triangulation of the signals

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27
Q

Green Computing

A

The efficient and eco-fire d.y use of computers and other electronics

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28
Q

Grid Computing

A

Distributed computing using a group of computers in one location

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29
Q

Hologram

A

A 3D images created by laser or another light source

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30
Q

Information

A

The processed, useful form of data

31
Q

Information processing cycles (IPC)

A

The process a computer uses to convert data into information. The four steps of the IPC are:
Input, Processing, Storage, Output

32
Q

Integrated Circuit

A

A chip that contains a large number of tiny transistors that are fabricated into a semiconducting material called silicon

33
Q

Internet of Things (IoT)

A

The connection of the physical world to the internet. Objects are tagged and can be located, monitored, and controlled using smaller embedded electronics

34
Q

Laptop

A

A portable personal computer. Also referred to as a notebook.

35
Q

Mac

A

A personal computer. Also referred to as a notebook.

36
Q

Mainframe

A

A large multiuser computer that can perform millions of transactions in a day

37
Q

Microprocessor

A

A complex integrated circuit that contains processing circuitry

38
Q

Mixed Reality

A

Holograms that you can interact with the real worl

39
Q

Mobile Application (mobile app)

A

A program that extends the functionality of a mobile device

40
Q

Mobile Device

A

A portable devices such as a smartphone or tablet

41
Q

Mobile Payment system

A

A system that uses a mobile device, rather than cash or credit cards, to pay for items

42
Q

Moore’s Law

A

An observation made by Gordon Moore in 1965 that number o f transistors that could be placed on an integrated circuit had doubled roughly every two years

43
Q

Multiuser computer

A

A system that allows multiple, simultaneous users to connect to it, allowing for centralized resources and security

44
Q

Netbook

A

A lightweight, inexpensive notebook computer designed primarily for internet access; with built-in wireless capabilities, a small screen, and limited computing power and storage

45
Q

Notebook

A

A portable personal computer. Also referred to as a laptop

46
Q

Operating system (OS)

A

System software that provides the user with an interface to communicate with the hardware and software on a computer. The OS also manages system resources.

47
Q

Personal computer (PC)

A

A small microprocessor -based computer used b one persona at a time

48
Q

Punch card

A

A stiff piece of paper that conveys digital information by the prescience orb sender of holes.

49
Q

Server

A

A multiuser computer system that runs a network operating system (NOS) and provides services—such as internet access, email, or file and print services—to client systems

50
Q

Smart appliance

A

A home appliance that monitors signals from the power and when the electric grid system is stressed, can react by cutting back on power consumption

51
Q

Smart grid

A

A network for delivering electricity to consumers that includes communication technology to manage electricity distribution efficiently

52
Q

Smart home

A

A house that uses automation to control lighting, heating and cooling, security, entertainment and appliances.

53
Q

Smartphone

A

A multifunction device that blends telephone functions and computing in a small hand held device

54
Q

Stylus

A

A special pen like input tool that enables you to write directly in a touch screen.

55
Q

Sub notebook

A

A notebook computer that is thin and light and that has high end processing and video capabilities

56
Q

Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)

A

A small cars found in cellular phones, which identifies the phone and includes account information and cellular carrier

57
Q

Supercomputer

A

A very expensive and powerful computer systems that is used to perform complex mathematical calculations, such as those used in weather forecasting and medical research

58
Q

Tablet

A

A handheld online device that falls somewhere between a notebook and a smartphone

59
Q

Transistor

A

A tiny electric switch used in second-generation computers

60
Q

Turing test

A

A measure of a computers ability to display intelligent behavior

61
Q

Turing machine

A

A machine that can perform mathematical computations

62
Q

Two in one notebook

A

A portable computer that converts to a tablet by detaching the screen from the keyboard

63
Q

Ubiquitous computing (ubicomp)

A

Technology that recedes into the background and becomes part of the environment

64
Q

Unicode

A

As extended ASCII set that is the standard on the internet and includes codes for most of the worlds written languages, mathematical systems, and special characters

65
Q

Universal design

A

Design principles that not only help create environments that accommodate people with disabilities but also those with special needs

66
Q

Unmanned aircraft system (UAS)

A

A aircraft piloted by remote control or onboard computers. Also known as a drone.

67
Q

Vacuum tube

A

A tube that resembles an incandescent light bulb and was used in first-generation computers

68
Q

Video game system

A

A computer that is designed primarily for playing games

69
Q

Virtual reality (VR)

A

An artificial worlds that consists of images and sounds created by a computer and is affected by the actions of a person who is experiencing it

70
Q

Volunteer computing

A

A form of distributed computing that relies on the processing power of hundreds or thousands of volunteers personal computers

71
Q

Wearable

A

A computer worn on the body

72
Q

Workstation

A

A high end desktop computer or one that’s attached to a network in a business setting

73
Q

ENIAC

A

First working digital general purpose computer

74
Q

UNIVAC

A

First commercially available computer predicted 1952 election

CS 008 (4 decks)

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