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CSD 115- Unit 1 Exam > Chapter 3a > Flashcards

Chapter 3a Flashcards

1
Q

A shared system of symbols that can be spoken, written, or signed and used for communication and thought

A

Language

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2
Q

Our ability to relate meaning to the human voice; the oral expression of language

A

Speech

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3
Q

The smallest unit of sounds that can be recognized as being distinct from other sounds within the word

A

Phoneme

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4
Q

Variations in production of the same phoneme

A

Allophones

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5
Q

When we WRITE, we use

A

26 graphemes (letters)- consonants and vowels

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6
Q

When we SPEAK, we use about

A

40 phonemes (sounds)- consonants and vowels

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7
Q

We use the Tradition Alphabet to

A

write words

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8
Q

We use the International Phonetic Alphabet to

A

transcribe speech

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9
Q

Consonants include (3)

A
  1. Place
  2. Manner
  3. Voicing
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10
Q

WHERE sounds are produced in the vocal tract- the location of the constriction

A

Place

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11
Q

HOW sounds are produced in the vocal tract- the type of constriction and how the breath stream is managed

A

Manner

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12
Q

Presence of absence of vocal fold vibration

A

Voicing

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13
Q

Vowels include (2)

A
  1. Tongue Height (high, mid, low)

2. Tongue Position (front, central, back)

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14
Q

Place (7)

A
  1. Bilabial Sounds
  2. Labiodental
  3. Linguadental
  4. Lingua-alveolar
  5. Lingua-palatal
  6. Lingua-velar
  7. Glottal
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15
Q

Bilabial Sounds

A
  • Two lips

- sounds p, b, m, w

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16
Q

Labiodental

A
  • lips and teeth

- sounds f, v

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17
Q

Linguadental

A
  • tongue and teeth

- sounds both TH (+V) and (-v)

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18
Q

Lingua-alveolar

A
  • tongue and alveolar ridge

- sounds t, d, s, z, n, l

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19
Q

Lingua-palatal

A
  • tongue against hard palate

- sounds sh, zh, ch, j, y, r

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20
Q

Lingua-velar

A
  • back of tongue to soft palate (velum)

- sounds k, g, ng

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21
Q

Glottal

A
  • forcing air through vocal folds

- sounds h

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22
Q

Manner (6)

A
  1. Stops
  2. Fricatives
  3. Affricates
  4. Glides
  5. Liquids
  6. Nasals
23
Q

Stops

A

completely block off vocal tract; build up air pressure; below the vocal folds apart
p, b, t, d, k, g

24
Q

Fricatives

A

Use tongue to create constriction; force air through it

f, v, s, z, sh, zh, th (+v), th (-v), h

25
Q

Affricates

A

Begin as a stop; ends as a fricative

ch, j

26
Q

Glides

A

Gradually change the shape of the vocal tract, moving from one vowel to another to produce a consonant
w, y

27
Q

Liquids

A

Creating a partial closure that air must travel around

28
Q

tongue up in center, air travels around the sides (l)

A

Lateral

29
Q

tongue in a variety of positions, air flows over and around (r)

A

Rhotic

30
Q

Nasals

A

Open velopharygeal port; oral cavity closed off

m, n, ng

31
Q

All vowels are

A

VOICED

32
Q

Pairs of consonants that share the same place and manner of production; differ only in voicing

A

Cognate Pairs

33
Q

T or F: All vowels are voiceless

A

False- all vowels are voiced

34
Q

Monophthongs

A

Vowels produced in one position. No movement

35
Q

Vowels produced while changing the vocal tract, moving from one vowel to another

A

Dipthongs

36
Q

Newborns make

A

vegetative sounds

37
Q

Occur secondary to activities for sustaining life- chewing, burping, yawning, swallowing

A

Vegetative Sounds

38
Q

Vegetative sounds also known as

A

Reflexive Sounds

39
Q

0-2 months

A

Cooling

40
Q

Cooling

A

Growling, yelling, squealing. Expressing pressure

41
Q

7-12 months

A

Babbling

42
Q

Babbling consists of (3)

A
  1. Reduplicated
  2. Variegated
  3. Jargon
43
Q

combines two sounds and produces nondrying repetitions (baobab, dada dada)

A

Reduplicated

44
Q

combining consonants and vowels in a variety of combination (dot, mañana)

A

Variegated

45
Q

meaningless combinations produced with adult-like stress and rhythm, so they sounds like real words (Ata, Ha!, Abdicate, Ga)

A

Jargon

46
Q

When determining order of speech sounds development, researchers consider: (3)

A
  1. Production in three positions: initial, medial, final
  2. How to determine master- precent accuracy
  3. Studies vary
47
Q

Customary

A

correct in 2/3 positions, 50% of the time

48
Q

Mastery

A

correct in all positions, 90% of all children

49
Q

Children often string nonsense words together that sound like a real sentence because the rhythm and melody of English are correct. These words are called?

A

Jargon

50
Q

The acronym IPA stands for?

A

International Phonetic Alphabet

51
Q

Goo or cooing starts occurring when a child is ____ months old. Canonical babbling starts occurring when a child is ____ months old.

A

2, 7

52
Q

Some consonants are produced by blocking off the vocal tract, such as /p/ and /b/, while some consonants are produced by creating a constriction within the vocal tract and forcing the breath stream through the constriction, such as /s/ and /v/. These consonant descriptions relate to:

A

Manner of production

53
Q

In speech development, newborns produce marginal babbling. This includes playing with front sounds.

A

False

CSD 115- Unit 1 Exam (3 decks)

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