Chapter 39 Section 1

Question 1

anatomy

Answer 1

the study of organisms’s structure

Question 2

physiology

Answer 2

the study of how the body functions

Question 3

tissue

Answer 3

a group of closely associated, similar cells that carry out specific functions

Question 4

types of tissues

Answer 4

epithelial
connective
muscle
nervous

Question 5

classification of tissue depends on

Answer 5

structure and origin

Question 6

cells in each kind of tissue have characteristic

Answer 6

sizes, shapes, and arrangements

Question 7

structure and function are closely linked

Answer 7

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Question 8

epithelial tissues cover the body and line its cavities

Answer 8

.

Question 9

epithelial tissue

Answer 9

tissue that consists of cells fitted tightly together to form a continuous layer, or sheet, of cells.

Question 10

lumen

Answer 10

the cavity in a hollow organ

Question 11

basement membrane

Answer 11

the underlying tissue of an epithelial layer that consists of tiny fibers and nonliving polysaccharide material that the epithelial cells produce

Question 12

functions of epithelial tissue

Answer 12

protection
absorption
secretion
sensation

Question 13

epidermis

Answer 13

epithelial (outer) layer of the skin

Question 14

squamous epithelial cells

Answer 14

thin, flat cells shaped like flagstones

Question 15

cuboid epithelial cells

Answer 15

short cylinders that from the side appear cube-shaped, like dice.

Question 16

columnar epithelial cells

Answer 16

look like columns or cylinders when viewed from the side

Question 17

endothelium

Answer 17

the lining of blood and lymph vessels

Question 18

gland

Answer 18

one or more epithelial cells specialized to produce and secrete a product such as sweat, milk, mucus, wax, saliva, hormones, or enzymes

Question 19

goblet cells

Answer 19

mucus-secreting cells

Question 20

exocrine glands

Answer 20

secrete their products onto a free epithelial surface

Ex) goblet cells and sweat glands

Question 21

endocrine glands

Answer 21

• lacks ducts

Question 22

interstitial fluid

Answer 22

tissue fluid

Question 23

epithelial membrane

Answer 23

membrane that consists of a sheet of epithelial tissue and a layer of underlying connective tissue

Question 24

epithelial cells form membranes

Answer 24

.

Question 25

mucous membrane

Answer 25

membrane that lines a body cavity that opens to the outside of the body Ex) digestive or respiratory tracts

Question 26

serous membrane

Answer 26

membrane that lines a body cavity that does not open to the outside of the body Ex) pleural membranes - lungs peicardial emembranes - heart

Question 27

connective tissues support other body structures

Answer 27

.

Question 28

intercellular substance

Answer 28

in connective tissues, the combination of matrix and fibers in which the cells are embedded

Question 29

fiber

Answer 29

microscopic, threadlike protein and carbohydrate complexes scattered through matrix of connective tissue

Question 30

matrix

Answer 30

thin gel of polysaccharides

Question 31

three types of connective tissue

Answer 31

collagen elastic reticular

Question 32

collagen fibers

Answer 32

- most numerous | - made of collagens (a group of fibrous proteins)

Question 33

elastic fibers

Answer 33

- fibers that branch and fuse to form networks | - composed of elastin

Question 34

reticular fibers

Answer 34

very thin branched fibers that form delicate networks joining connective tissue to neighboring tissues - consist of collagen and some glycoprotein

Question 35

fibroblasts

Answer 35

connective tissue cells that produce the fibers, as well as the protein and carbohydrate complexes, of the matrix

Question 36

macrophages

Answer 36

the body's scavenger cells

Question 37

main types of connective tissue

Answer 37

- loose and dense - elastic -reticular -adipose cartilage bone blood, lymph, and tissues that produce cells

Question 38

loose connective tissue

Answer 38

the most widely distributed connective tissue in the vertebrate body

Question 39

dense connective tissue

Answer 39

- found in the dermis (lower of the skin) | - very strong, but somewhat less flexible than loose connective tissue

Question 40

tendons

Answer 40

the cords that connect muscles to bones

Question 41

ligaments

Answer 41

the cables that connect bones to one another

Question 42

elastic connective tissue

Answer 42

consists mainly of bundles of parallel elastic fibers

Question 43

reticular connective tissue

Answer 43

composed mainly of interlacing reticular fibers

Question 44

adipose tissue

Answer 44

fatty tissue

Question 45

cartilage

Answer 45

the supporting skeleton in the embryonic stages of all vertebrates

Question 46

chondrocytes

Answer 46

- the cells of cartilage - secrete a hard, rubbery matrix that surrounds them - secrete collagen fibers

Question 47

lacunae

Answer 47

small cavities in the matrix

Question 48

bone

Answer 48

- the main vertebrate skeletal tissue | - like cartilage in that it consists mostly of matrix

Question 49

osteocytes

Answer 49

- bone cells - contained within lacunae - secrete and maintain the matrix

Question 50

compact bone

Answer 50

outer layer of bone

Question 51

spongy bone

Answer 51

filling of bone

Question 52

osteon

Answer 52

spindle-shaped units that make up compact bone

Question 53

lamellae

Answer 53

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