Chapter 39 Flashcards
Iliopectineal Line
bony ridge of the inner surface of the ilium and pubic bones that divides the true and false pelves
true (minor) pelvis
found below the brim of the pelvis; the cavity of the minor pelvis is continuous at the pelvic brim with the cavity of the major pelvis
false (greater/major) pelvis
portion of the pelvic cavity that is above the pelvic brim, bounded posteriorly by the lumbar vertebrae, laterally by the iliac fossae and iliacus muscles, and anteriorly by the lower anterior abdominal wall.
coccygeus muscles
one of the two muscles in the pelvic diaphragm; located on the posterior pelvic floor, where it supports the coccyx
psoas major muscles
paired muscles that originate at the transverse process of the lumbar vertebrae and extend inferiorly through the false pelvis on the pelvic sidewall, where they unite with the iilacus muscle to form the iliopsoas muscle before inserting into the lesser trochanter of the femur; serves to flex the thigh toward the pelvis.
piriformis muscles
a flat, pyramidal muscle arising from the anterior sacrum, passing through the greater sciatic notch to insert into the superior aspect of the greater trochanter of the femur; serves to rotate and abduct the thigh.
obturator internus muscle
arises from the anterolateral pelvic wall surrounding the obturator foramen to insert on the greater trochanter of the femur
striations
parallel longitudinal lines commonly seen in muscles tissue when imaged sonographically; appear as hyperechoic parallel lines running in the long axis of the hypoechoic muscle tissue
levator ani muscles
a pair of muscles that form the floor of the pelvis
iliacus muscles
paired muscles that form the lateral wall of the pelvis
perimetrium
serous membrane enveloping the uterus; also called the serosa
menses
periodic flow of blood and cellular debris that occurs during menstruation
broad ligament
broad fold of peritoneum draped over the Fallopian tubes, uterus, and ovaries
round ligaments
paired ligaments that originate at the uterine cornua, anterior to the Fallopian tubes, and course anterolaterally within the broad ligament to insert into the fascia of the labia majora
mesovarium
posterior portion of the broad ligament that is drawn out to enclose and hold the ovary in place
mesosalpinx
upper portion of the broad ligament that encloses the Fallopian tubes
cardinal ligaments
wide bands of fibromuscular tissue arising from the lateral aspects of the cervix and inserting along the lateral pelvic floor
uterosacral ligaments
posterior portion of the cardinal ligament that extends from the cervix to the sacrum
anteverted
position of the uterus when the fundus is tipped slightly forward
anteflexed
position of the uterus when the uterine fundus bends forwards toward the cervix
retroverted
position of the uterus when the fundus is tipped posteriorly
retroflexed
position of the uterus when the uterine fundus bends posteriorly upon the cervix
ovarian ligaments
paired ligament that extends from the inferior/medial pole of the ovary to the uterine cornua
ovum
the female egg
estrogen
steroidal hormone secreted by the theca intern and granulose cells of the ovarian follicle that stimulates the development of the female reproductive structures and secondary sexual characteristics; promotes the growth of the endometrial tissue during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle.
progestrone
steriodal hormone produced by the corpus luteum that helps prepare and maintain the endometrium for the arrival and implantation of an embryo
corpus luteum
yellow body formed form the Graafian follicle after ovulation that produces estrogen and progesterone.
suspensory (infundibulopelvic) ligament
paired ligaments that extend from the infundibulum of the Fallopian tube and the lateral aspect of the ovary to the lateral pelvic wall
premenarche
time period in young girls before the onset of menstruation
menarche
onset of menstruation; state after reaching puberty in which menses occur normally every 27 to 28 days
menopause
cessation of menstruation
oocyte
primordial or incompletely developed ovum
gonadotropin -releasing hormone
hormone secreted by the hypothalamus that stimulated the release of the follicle- stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone by the anterior pituitary gland
gonadotropin
a hormonal substance that stimulate the function of the testes and ovaries
follicle- stimulating hormone
hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulate the growth and maturation of graafian follicles in the ovary
luteinizing hormone
secreted by the anterior pituitary gland to stimulate ovulation and induce luteinization of the ruptured follicle to form the corpus luteum
menorrhagia
abnormally heavy or long periods
polymenorrhea
an abnormally frequent recurrence of the menstrual cycle; a menstrual cycle of less than 21 days
oligomenorrhea
abnormally light menstrual period
dysmenorrhea
pain associated with menstruation
vesicouterine recess (pouch)
pouch formed by the deflection of the peritoneum from the bladder to the uterus
amenorrhea
absence of menstruation
rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas)
area in the pelvic cavity between the recutm and the uterus where free fluid can accumulate; also known as the posterior cul-de-sac
space of Retzius
located between the anterior bladder and wall and the public symphysis; contains extra-peritoneal fat
