Chapter 39

Question 1

Iliopectineal Line

Answer 1

bony ridge of the inner surface of the ilium and pubic bones that divides the true and false pelves

Question 2

true (minor) pelvis

Answer 2

found below the brim of the pelvis; the cavity of the minor pelvis is continuous at the pelvic brim with the cavity of the major pelvis

Question 3

false (greater/major) pelvis

Answer 3

portion of the pelvic cavity that is above the pelvic brim, bounded posteriorly by the lumbar vertebrae, laterally by the iliac fossae and iliacus muscles, and anteriorly by the lower anterior abdominal wall.

Question 4

coccygeus muscles

Answer 4

one of the two muscles in the pelvic diaphragm; located on the posterior pelvic floor, where it supports the coccyx

Question 5

psoas major muscles

Answer 5

paired muscles that originate at the transverse process of the lumbar vertebrae and extend inferiorly through the false pelvis on the pelvic sidewall, where they unite with the iilacus muscle to form the iliopsoas muscle before inserting into the lesser trochanter of the femur; serves to flex the thigh toward the pelvis.

Question 6

piriformis muscles

Answer 6

a flat, pyramidal muscle arising from the anterior sacrum, passing through the greater sciatic notch to insert into the superior aspect of the greater trochanter of the femur; serves to rotate and abduct the thigh.

Question 7

obturator internus muscle

Answer 7

arises from the anterolateral pelvic wall surrounding the obturator foramen to insert on the greater trochanter of the femur

Question 8

striations

Answer 8

parallel longitudinal lines commonly seen in muscles tissue when imaged sonographically; appear as hyperechoic parallel lines running in the long axis of the hypoechoic muscle tissue

Question 9

levator ani muscles

Answer 9

a pair of muscles that form the floor of the pelvis

Question 10

iliacus muscles

Answer 10

paired muscles that form the lateral wall of the pelvis

Question 11

perimetrium

Answer 11

serous membrane enveloping the uterus; also called the serosa

Question 12

menses

Answer 12

periodic flow of blood and cellular debris that occurs during menstruation

Question 13

broad ligament

Answer 13

broad fold of peritoneum draped over the Fallopian tubes, uterus, and ovaries

Question 14

round ligaments

Answer 14

paired ligaments that originate at the uterine cornua, anterior to the Fallopian tubes, and course anterolaterally within the broad ligament to insert into the fascia of the labia majora

Question 15

mesovarium

Answer 15

posterior portion of the broad ligament that is drawn out to enclose and hold the ovary in place

Question 16

mesosalpinx

Answer 16

upper portion of the broad ligament that encloses the Fallopian tubes

Question 17

cardinal ligaments

Answer 17

wide bands of fibromuscular tissue arising from the lateral aspects of the cervix and inserting along the lateral pelvic floor

Question 18

uterosacral ligaments

Answer 18

posterior portion of the cardinal ligament that extends from the cervix to the sacrum

Question 19

anteverted

Answer 19

position of the uterus when the fundus is tipped slightly forward

Question 20

anteflexed

Answer 20

position of the uterus when the uterine fundus bends forwards toward the cervix

Question 21

retroverted

Answer 21

position of the uterus when the fundus is tipped posteriorly

Question 22

retroflexed

Answer 22

position of the uterus when the uterine fundus bends posteriorly upon the cervix

Question 23

ovarian ligaments

Answer 23

paired ligament that extends from the inferior/medial pole of the ovary to the uterine cornua

Question 24

ovum

Answer 24

the female egg

Question 25

estrogen

Answer 25

steroidal hormone secreted by the theca intern and granulose cells of the ovarian follicle that stimulates the development of the female reproductive structures and secondary sexual characteristics; promotes the growth of the endometrial tissue during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle.

Question 26

progestrone

Answer 26

steriodal hormone produced by the corpus luteum that helps prepare and maintain the endometrium for the arrival and implantation of an embryo

Question 27

corpus luteum

Answer 27

yellow body formed form the Graafian follicle after ovulation that produces estrogen and progesterone.

Question 28

suspensory (infundibulopelvic) ligament

Answer 28

paired ligaments that extend from the infundibulum of the Fallopian tube and the lateral aspect of the ovary to the lateral pelvic wall

Question 29

premenarche

Answer 29

time period in young girls before the onset of menstruation

Question 30

menarche

Answer 30

onset of menstruation; state after reaching puberty in which menses occur normally every 27 to 28 days

Question 31

menopause

Answer 31

cessation of menstruation

Question 32

oocyte

Answer 32

primordial or incompletely developed ovum

Question 33

gonadotropin -releasing hormone

Answer 33

hormone secreted by the hypothalamus that stimulated the release of the follicle- stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone by the anterior pituitary gland

Question 34

gonadotropin

Answer 34

a hormonal substance that stimulate the function of the testes and ovaries

Question 35

follicle- stimulating hormone

Answer 35

hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulate the growth and maturation of graafian follicles in the ovary

Question 36

luteinizing hormone

Answer 36

secreted by the anterior pituitary gland to stimulate ovulation and induce luteinization of the ruptured follicle to form the corpus luteum

Question 37

menorrhagia

Answer 37

abnormally heavy or long periods

Question 38

polymenorrhea

Answer 38

an abnormally frequent recurrence of the menstrual cycle; a menstrual cycle of less than 21 days

Question 39

oligomenorrhea

Answer 39

abnormally light menstrual period

Question 40

dysmenorrhea

Answer 40

pain associated with menstruation

Question 41

vesicouterine recess (pouch)

Answer 41

pouch formed by the deflection of the peritoneum from the bladder to the uterus

Question 42

amenorrhea

Answer 42

absence of menstruation

Question 43

rectouterine pouch (pouch of Douglas)

Answer 43

area in the pelvic cavity between the recutm and the uterus where free fluid can accumulate; also known as the posterior cul-de-sac

Question 44

space of Retzius

Answer 44

located between the anterior bladder and wall and the public symphysis; contains extra-peritoneal fat