Chapter 38

Question 1

the loss of the ability to perform self-care or activities of daily living). Such decline may result
not only directly

Answer 1

Illness
Adverse treatment
De conditioning

Question 2

refer to the positioning of the joints, tendons, ligaments, and muscles while standing, sitting, and lying.

Answer 2

Body alignment

Question 3

What are some factors that affect balance

Answer 3

Pregnancy (life change)
Diseases 
Injury
Pain 
Physical development (age)
Medications

Question 4

To decrease surface area and reduce
friction when patients are unable to assist with moving up in bed, nurses
use

Answer 4

An ergonomic assistive device such as a full body sling

Question 5

There are three classifications of joints:

Answer 5

1-Fibrous joints fit closely together and are fixed, permitting little if any movement, such as the syndesmosis between the tibia and fibula

2-Cartilaginous joints have little movement but are elastic and use cartilage to unite separate bony surfaces, such as the synchondrosis that attaches the ribs to the costal cartilage. When bone growth is complete, the joints ossify

3-Synovial joints, or true joints, such as the hinge type at the elbow, are freely movable and the most mobile, numerous, and anatomically complex body joints

Question 6

The skeletal system is supported by

Answer 6

Cartilage
Ligaments
Tendons

Question 7

There are two types of muscles contraction such as :

Answer 7

Isotonic: causing the body to move

Isometric: stabilizing causing the body to hold a stable position

Question 8

Isotonic contractions have two varieties,

Answer 8

Concentric: tension increased muscle contraction causes muscle shortening, resulting in movement, such as when a patient uses an overhead trapeze to pull up in bed.

Eccentric tension: causes lengthening of a muscle to control the speed
and direction of movement. For example, when using an overhead
trapeze, a patient slowly lowers himself to the bed.

Question 9

if you close your eyes and
bend your elbow, you will know where your hand and lower arm are even
if you cannot see them. Stretch receptors associated with muscles, joint capsules, and tendons are classified as

Answer 9

Proprioception

Question 10

Factors influence a patient’s

activity tolerance

Answer 10

Physiological
Emotional
Developmental factors

Question 11

The following are examples of nursing diagnoses related to activity and exercise:

Answer 11

• Activity Intolerance
• Risk for Injury
• Impaired Mobility in Bed
• Impaired Mobility
• Acute or Chronic Pain

Question 12

A gait belt is not to be used in lifting or
carrying a patient by the waist. A gait belt encircles a patient’s waist below
the belly button, snugly, being sure two fingers fit between the belt and
patient’s body.