Chapter 37 pre-op Flashcards
What is pre-op nursing?
the care nurses provide for patients before, during, and after surgery
What is the first phase of surgery called?
pre-operative phase ( this phase may last for months) begins when pt decides to get surgery
What is the second phase of surgery called?
intraoperative phase ( begins when pt enters operating room)
What is the third phase of surgery called?
postoperative phase ( begins when patient is admitted to the PACU and ends when pt has completely recovered from the surgical procedure)
What is a circulating nurse?
the patient’s advocate and a liaison between scrubbed personnel an the surgical team
What is elective surgery?
a procedure that is performed to improve the patient’s quality of life.
What is urgent surgery?
performed when patient’s health condition is not immediately life-threatening. ( surgery is required within 24 hours of diagnosis to avoid complications)
What is emergency surgery?
procedure that is unanticipated and is performed immediately to preserve the life of the patient, a body part, or body function.
What is minor surgery?
surgical alteration of the body is minimal and there is a low risk to the life of the patient
What is major surgery?
Higher risk to the life of the patient and surgery involves reconstruction or alteration of a body part.
What is malignant hyperthermia?
rare, hereditary, and life-threatening condition that usually occurs when inhaled general anesthetics or neuromuscular blocking agent is administered.
What is a laryngospasm?
causes the laryngeal muscle to suddenly contract, blocking air inflow ( lasts less than 1 min)
What is moderate sedation?
conscious sedation, induces an altered stated of consciousness providing a moderate to deep level of sedation
What is general anesthesia?
causes the CNS depression and puts the patient in a drug-induced coma.
What is regional anesthesia?
disrupts the transmission of the nerve impulses to a specific area of the body
What is a bier block?
injection of anesthetic agents into the venous circulation of an extremity. (help manage chronic pain)
What is an epidural anesthesia?
injected in the lumbar or thoracic region
What is a spinal anesthesia?
injected into the subarachnoid region
What is local and topical anesthesia?
local -SubQ to specific area
topical- decreases discomfort
What is a scrub nurse?
prepares and maintains the sterile field.
What is the one thing that needs to be signed before any surgery is performed?
informed consent- document gives legal authorization for the surgical procedure ( protects patients from unauthorized procedures)
What is an airway obstruction?
a life-threatening emergency that produces reduced airflow. common post -op complication
What is hemorrhage?
large amount of bleeding
What is shock?
circulatory system fails to maintain adequate perfusion to the vital orgams
What is thrombophlebitis?
inflammation of a vein with the formation of a thrombus . DVT
What is pulmonary embolism?
blood clot that detaches and lodges in the pulmonary artery
What is pneumonia?
inflammation of the lungs
What is atelectasis?
collapse of all or part of the lung. its caused by pressure on the outside of the lung or a blockage of the air passage
