Chapter 37: Children Pulmonary Diseases

Question 1

Airways of children

Answer 1

Smaller diameter– more chance for an obstruction

Question 2

When is surfactant secreted in fetus

Answer 2

30 weeks gestation

Question 3

Chest wall compliance in infants

Answer 3

increased

Question 4

Agitation in children

Answer 4

Sign of hypoxemia or obstruction

Question 5

Stridor

Answer 5

Harsh, vibratory sound of variable pitch due to turbulent air flow

Question 6

Laryngotracheobronchitis

Answer 6

Croup
Viral
Subglottic edema from infections
Bark like cough

Question 7

Treatment of croup

Answer 7

Glucocorticoids and epinephrine

Question 8

Acute epiglottitis

Answer 8

Due to bacterial HIB
Life threatening edema of epiglottis
Do not examine throat
Tripod position and drooling

Question 9

Most common cause of tonsillar infections

Answer 9

Group a beta hemolytic streptococcucs

Can develop an abscess

Question 10

Peritonsillar abscess

Answer 10

Usually unilateral

Complication of tonsillitis

Question 11

Choanal atresia

Answer 11

Congenital lack of patency of the nasal cavity within the nasopharynx

Question 12

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Answer 12

Upper airway obstruction during sleep with disruption of normal ventilation and sleep
Higher in obese kids
Snoring, sleepiness, restlessness

Question 13

Most common cause of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children

Answer 13

Adenotonssilar hypertrophy

Question 14

Who is more at risk of surfactant deficiency disorder

Answer 14

Preterm babies
C-section babies
Babies of diabetic mothers

Question 15

What does surfactant deficiency result in

Answer 15

atelactasis and hypoxemia

Question 16

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Answer 16

Chronic lung disease of prematurity

Hypoplastic pulmonary capillary development and mild fibrosis

Question 17

Bronchiolitis

Answer 17

Viral induced infection of small airways 
Most common pathogen is RSV 
Airway narrowing due to mucus and edema
Cell-mediated 
Wheezing

Question 18

Most common pathogen for childhood pneumonia

Answer 18

Viral–RSV

Question 19

Cystic fibrosis

Answer 19

Defective epithelial chloride ion transport; mucus plugging and chronic inflammation of small airways
Dehydrated and more viscous mucus

Question 20

Upper airway obstruction causes

Answer 20

Snoring