Chapter 35- Degenerative Disease CNS

Question 1

ALS is short for?

Answer 1

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Question 2

ALS identifies a __________ of ___________, ____________ _____________ diseases.

Answer 2

Als identifies a group of progressive, degenerative neuromuscular diseases.

Question 3

What is occurring in ALS?

Answer 3

A neurological process that involves the destruction of motor neurons within the spinal cord, brain stem, and motor cortex.

Question 4

What is UMN stand for? What does LMN stand for?

Answer 4

Upper motor neuron
Lower motor neuron

Question 5

In ALS do deficits occur in UMN or LMN?

Answer 5

BOTH

Question 6

ALS typically has weakness where?

Answer 6

Focal weakness in arm, leg, or bulbar muscles (jaw, face, palate, larynx, tongue).

Question 7

What is emotional lability?

Answer 7

An uncontrollable periods of laughing and crying

Question 8

What is fasciculations?

Answer 8

Twitching of the muscle fascicles at rest

Question 9

ALS does not affect what in a person?

Answer 9

Eye function, bowel and bladder function, or sensory function

Question 10

Evaluation and intervention in ALS looks like?

Answer 10

Focus on client’s participation in occupational performance and take into account how it changes frequently, environmental support (DME, modifying the home, AE).

Question 11

T/F: Passive range of motion and light resistive exercises increases spasticity

Answer 11

FALSE it decreases it

Question 12

T/F: Daily range of motion reduces spasticity but doesn’t prevent contractures

Answer 12

False: it reduces spasticity AND prevents contractures

Question 13

What is the most common form of dementia?

Answer 13

Alzheimer’s disease

Question 14

Alzheimer’s is considered a primary or secondary dementia?

Answer 14

Primary

Question 15

What is secondary dementia?

Answer 15

A word used to refer to symptoms of dementia that are associated with other physical diseases

Question 16

Alzheimer’s disease is the result of?

Answer 16

Degenerative changes in the CNS

Question 17

What is the most prominent symptom of AD?

Answer 17

Progressive inability to remember new information

Question 18

What complex scale is used for the assessment of AD?

Answer 18

GDS —> Global deteriorating scale

Question 19

Primary symptom of AD?

Answer 19

Impairment of recent memory that worsens overtime

Question 20

What are other cognitive deficits that may be present with the primary symptom AD?

Answer 20

Apraxia (difficulty with skilled movement), aphasia (language disorder affecting ability to communicate), agnosia (loss of the ability to identify objects or people), or impaired executive function

Question 21

AD interventions should focus on?

Answer 21

supporting and maintaining capabilities, adapting tasks and environments, and otherwise compensating for declining function in individuals with AD while trying to help them retain as much control as possible over their life in the least restrictive environment

Question 22

Behavioral problems are expected in the beginning, intermediate, terminal, or bed bound stage?

Answer 22

in the terminal and the bed bound stage

Question 23

Instrument to detect changes in progression of AD is called?

Answer 23

Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale - Cognitive

Question 24

AD/Dementia intervention are directed toward?

Answer 24

Maintaining, restoring, or improving functional capacity, promoting participation in occupations that are satisfying and that optimize health and well being, and easing the burdens of caregiving

Question 25

What is Huntington’s Disease?

Answer 25

A fatal, degenerative neurologic disorder.

Question 26

What neurological structure is associated with Huntingtons disease?

Answer 26

Corpus striatum

Question 27

The corpus striatum plays an important role in?

Answer 27

Motor control

Question 28

Deterioration in this area contributes to the _______ associated with HD.

Answer 28

Chorea

Question 29

The clinical picture: HD is characterized as a?

Answer 29

Progressive disorder involving both voluntary and involuntary movement, significant deterioration of cognitive and behavioral abilities.

Question 30

In early stages of HD, an OT should address what?

Answer 30

Cognitive components of memory and concentration

Question 31

What does MS stand for?

Answer 31

Multiple sclerosis

Question 32

MS is a what kind of disease?

Answer 32

Is a progressive inflammatory neurological disease

Question 33

Symptoms of MS are related to the area of the CNS is affected

Answer 33

Fatigue, numbness weakness in one or more limbs that typically occur on one side of the body, partial or complete loss of vision, usually in one eye at a time, double vision/blurry vision, tingling or pain in body parts, electric shock sensations that occur with certain neck movements, tremor, lack of coordination, unsteady gait, slurred speech, dizziness, problems with bladder/bowel function

Question 34

An exacerbation in MS is?

Answer 34

May be an episode as minor as fatigue and sensory loss or as extensive as total paralysis of all extremities and loss of bladder control.

Question 35

Remission may involve?

Answer 35

May involve total resolution of the symptoms, slight return of some function with the symptoms remaining, or a short plateau in which no new symptoms occur but the current symptoms remain.

Question 36

What are the four patterns seen is MS?

Answer 36

1. Relapsing and remitting 2. Secondary progressive 3. Primary progressive 4. Progressive relapsing

Question 37

What two scales are used for MS to determine specific problems coming from fatigue?

Answer 37

Fatigue questionnaire and modified fatigue scale

Question 38

PD is short for?

Answer 38

Parkinson’s Disease

Question 39

PD is characterized by?

Answer 39

by slowly progressive, degenerative movement disorder

Question 40

What are the three cardinal symptoms associated with PD?

Answer 40

Tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement ad speed as movements are continued)

Question 41

Is PD characterized by dysfunction in voluntary movement, involuntary movement, or in both movements?

Answer 41

In both

Question 42

Initial stage of PD, the OT should establish?

Answer 42

A daily exercise program addressing full range of motion

Question 43

Middle stages of PD, the OT should?

Answer 43

Suggest modifying activities to include visual cues, verbal prompts, and rehearsal of movements. Encourage oral motor exercises and provide education regarding food selection.

Question 44

Late stages of PD, an OT can?

Answer 44

Further modify environment for access and control,