Chapter 35- Degenerative Disease CNS Flashcards
ALS is short for?
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
ALS identifies a __________ of ___________, ____________ _____________ diseases.
Als identifies a group of progressive, degenerative neuromuscular diseases.
What is occurring in ALS?
A neurological process that involves the destruction of motor neurons within the spinal cord, brain stem, and motor cortex.
What is UMN stand for? What does LMN stand for?
Upper motor neuron
Lower motor neuron
In ALS do deficits occur in UMN or LMN?
BOTH
ALS typically has weakness where?
Focal weakness in arm, leg, or bulbar muscles (jaw, face, palate, larynx, tongue).
What is emotional lability?
An uncontrollable periods of laughing and crying
What is fasciculations?
Twitching of the muscle fascicles at rest
ALS does not affect what in a person?
Eye function, bowel and bladder function, or sensory function
Evaluation and intervention in ALS looks like?
Focus on client’s participation in occupational performance and take into account how it changes frequently, environmental support (DME, modifying the home, AE).
T/F: Passive range of motion and light resistive exercises increases spasticity
FALSE it decreases it
T/F: Daily range of motion reduces spasticity but doesn’t prevent contractures
False: it reduces spasticity AND prevents contractures
What is the most common form of dementia?
Alzheimer’s disease
Alzheimer’s is considered a primary or secondary dementia?
Primary
What is secondary dementia?
A word used to refer to symptoms of dementia that are associated with other physical diseases
Alzheimer’s disease is the result of?
Degenerative changes in the CNS
What is the most prominent symptom of AD?
Progressive inability to remember new information
What complex scale is used for the assessment of AD?
GDS —> Global deteriorating scale
Primary symptom of AD?
Impairment of recent memory that worsens overtime
What are other cognitive deficits that may be present with the primary symptom AD?
Apraxia (difficulty with skilled movement), aphasia (language disorder affecting ability to communicate), agnosia (loss of the ability to identify objects or people), or impaired executive function
AD interventions should focus on?
supporting and maintaining capabilities, adapting tasks and environments, and otherwise compensating for declining function in individuals with AD while trying to help them retain as much control as possible over their life in the least restrictive environment
Behavioral problems are expected in the beginning, intermediate, terminal, or bed bound stage?
in the terminal and the bed bound stage
Instrument to detect changes in progression of AD is called?
Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale - Cognitive
AD/Dementia intervention are directed toward?
Maintaining, restoring, or improving functional capacity, promoting participation in occupations that are satisfying and that optimize health and well being, and easing the burdens of caregiving
What is Huntington’s Disease?
A fatal, degenerative neurologic disorder.
What neurological structure is associated with Huntingtons disease?
Corpus striatum
The corpus striatum plays an important role in?
Motor control
Deterioration in this area contributes to the _______ associated with HD.
Chorea
The clinical picture: HD is characterized as a?
Progressive disorder involving both voluntary and involuntary movement, significant deterioration of cognitive and behavioral abilities.
In early stages of HD, an OT should address what?
Cognitive components of memory and concentration
What does MS stand for?
Multiple sclerosis
MS is a what kind of disease?
Is a progressive inflammatory neurological disease
Symptoms of MS are related to the area of the CNS is affected
Fatigue, numbness weakness in one or more limbs that typically occur on one side of the body, partial or complete loss of vision, usually in one eye at a time, double vision/blurry vision, tingling or pain in body parts, electric shock sensations that occur with certain neck movements, tremor, lack of coordination, unsteady gait, slurred speech, dizziness, problems with bladder/bowel function
An exacerbation in MS is?
May be an episode as minor as fatigue and sensory loss or as extensive as total paralysis of all extremities and loss of bladder control.
Remission may involve?
May involve total resolution of the symptoms, slight return of some function with the symptoms remaining, or a short plateau in which no new symptoms occur but the current symptoms remain.
What are the four patterns seen is MS?
- Relapsing and remitting
- Secondary progressive
- Primary progressive
- Progressive relapsing
What two scales are used for MS to determine specific problems coming from fatigue?
Fatigue questionnaire and modified fatigue scale
PD is short for?
Parkinson’s Disease
PD is characterized by?
by slowly progressive, degenerative movement disorder
What are the three cardinal symptoms associated with PD?
Tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement ad speed as movements are continued)
Is PD characterized by dysfunction in voluntary movement, involuntary movement, or in both movements?
In both
Initial stage of PD, the OT should establish?
A daily exercise program addressing full range of motion
Middle stages of PD, the OT should?
Suggest modifying activities to include visual cues, verbal prompts, and rehearsal of movements. Encourage oral motor exercises and provide education regarding food selection.
Late stages of PD, an OT can?
Further modify environment for access and control,
