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Bio 109 quiz 2 > Chapter 34 vertebrates > Flashcards

Chapter 34 vertebrates Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Lateral line

A

The system which allows certain animals (such as sharks) to detect changes in water pressure and vibration

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2
Q

Convergent evolution

A

Two creatures evolving similar traits even though they are not related

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3
Q

Hominin

A

Humans and all of their ancestors

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4
Q

Hominid

A

All modern and extinct great apes

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5
Q

What are the four anatomical structures characteristic of chordates

A

Notochord
Acts as a skeleton, flexible rod between outside and gut
Dorsal Hollow nerve cord
Becomes the nervous system
Pharyngeal slits
Used for filter feeding by adults who retain this, or becomes other specialized parts in other animals
Muscular postanal tail
It is a tail, past the anus, creatures who retain this use it for underwater movement

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6
Q

What are the two chordate subphyla whose members lack backbones

A

Urochordates and cephalochordates

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7
Q

What additional specializations are seen in the vertebrates?

A

Highly cephalized, really developed sense organs, very distinct brain, backbone of vertebrae that protect the spinal cord, appendicular skeleton

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8
Q

Chondrichthyes

A

Cartilaginous fish

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9
Q

Osteichthyes

A

Bony fish

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10
Q

Actinopterygii

A

Ray finned fish (the fishiest fish)

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11
Q

Sarcopterygii

A

Lobe- finned fish (pendage like placement for fins)

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12
Q

Amphibia

A

Frogs, salamander, caecilians

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13
Q

Reptilia

A

All reptiles, including birds

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14
Q

Mammalia

A

Mammals

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15
Q

The members of which vertebrate groups are considered amniotes

A

Reptiles and mammals

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16
Q

Why was the development of the amniotic egg so important?

A

It allowed for vertebrates to move away from water

17
Q

What are the four living orders of reptiles?

A

Crocodilians
Lizards and snakes (squamates)
Tuatara
Turtles

18
Q

Are there really five living orders of reptiles? Explain

A

Yes there are, because birds are reptiles

19
Q

What are the main characteristics of birds?

A

Feathers, only one ovary, no bladder, honeycomb shaped bones

20
Q

What is the significance of Archaeopteryx?

A

It was the earliest bird we have ever found, 150 mya

21
Q

What are the main characteristics of the class Mammalia?

A

Hair, mammary glands, (for the most part) don’t lay eggs, child develops inside of the mother, diaphragm, larger brains, varied teeth for different purposes

22
Q

Monotremes

A

Still lay eggs
Platypus and echidnas

23
Q

Marsupials

A

Birth happens very shortly after conception, stays in mothers pouch after birth
Kangaroo, opossum, koalas, etc.

24
Q

Eutherian

A

Child fully develops inside the mother, connected to mother by placenta
Humans, tigers, elephants, etc.

25
Q

List the characteristics of primates

A

Opposable thumbs, better shoulder joints, sensitive hands with flat nails, dexterous hands, eyes close together at front of face

26
Q

What distinguishes the old world monkeys from the new world monkeys?

A

Old world: Nostrils face downward, generally live on the ground, no prehensile tail
New world: Nostrils open to the side, prehensile tail, primarily lived in trees

27
Q

List the genera of apes.

A

Hylobates: gibbons
Pongo: orangutans
Gorilla: gorillas
Pan: Chimpanzees and bonobos
Homo: humans

28
Q

What is meant by the term mosaic evolution?

A

Different traits which evolved separately for different purposes in one animal

29
Q

What are two primary characteristics that distinguish humans from other primates?

A

Significantly larger brain size walking upright

30
Q

What is the significance of the Australopithecus afarensis skeleton (Lucy)?

A

It is important because it might be our common ancestor to the australopithecine

31
Q

What is the significance of Homo habilis? Homo ergaster? Homo erectus?

A

Homo habilis: they were the first to have simplified tools, and had larger brains than most primates
Homo ergaster: Had short and straight fingers for less tree swinging
Homo erectus: first ones to move out of Africa, taller with greater brain capacity, first ones to walk upright

32
Q

Does Homo neanderthalensis represent a stage in the evolution of Homo sapiens?

A

No, they are more like our cousins

33
Q

Where did Homo sapiens originate? How long ago?

A

We originated in Africa about 195 thousand years ago

Bio 109 quiz 2 (6 decks)

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