Chapter 34

Question 1

The network of branching filaments that form the main body of a multicellular fungus is the:

Answer 1

mycelium.

Question 2

The stage of the fungal life cycle where two or more genetically distinct nuclei are found in the same cell is referred to as:

Answer 2

heterokaryotic stage.

Question 3

The black spots seen on a moldy piece of bread are which part of a zygomycete?

Answer 3

the sporangia

Question 4

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the anatomy of a multicellular fungus?

Answer 4

Numerous hyphae make up a mycelium.

Question 5

When you eat a mushroom, what part of the fungus are you consuming?

Answer 5

a reproductive structure

Question 6

Which of the following statements comparing fungal and animal nutrition is correct?

Answer 6

Fungi digest and then absorb food, whereas animals ingest and then digest food.

Question 7

Which of the following is not a benefit of spore production in fungi?

Answer 7

Because spores have a high rate of survivability, fungi typically produce a small number of spores, thereby saving energy and resources.

Question 8

Where are the basidia located in a typical toadstool?

Answer 8

lining the gills

Question 9

Fungi are the most important decomposers of wood in the ecosystem.

Answer 9

true

Question 10

Why do fungi produce fruiting bodies?

Answer 10

to enhance spore dispersal

Question 11

Which of the following fungal groups is the cause of widespread mortality in amphibians?

Answer 11

chytrids

Question 12

If a fungus encountered a particularly rich food source, what would be the expected result?

Answer 12

Hyphae would branch and extend rapidly to form a mycelium.

Question 13

What is the primary advantage of having multiple mating type alleles?

Answer 13

There is an increased probability that an encounter between two fungi will involve compatible mating types.

Question 14

Which of the following groups of fungi is the most diverse?

Answer 14

ascomycetes

Question 15

Within the fungal body, nutrients are transported from the ___ to the ___ by the process of ___?

Answer 15

mycelium; fruiting body; bulk flow

Question 16

Why do fungi produce fruiting bodies?

Answer 16

to enhance spore dispersal

Question 17

Which of the following groups of fungi are found exclusively in association with plant roots?

Answer 17

glomeromycetes

Question 18

Which of the following statements about lichens is incorrect?

Answer 18

Lichens are symbiotic relationships between fungi and plants

Question 19

How is karyogamy different from plasmogamy?

Answer 19

Karyogamy is the fusion of nuclei, whereas plasmogamy is the fusion of cytoplasm.

Question 20

Developing truffles produce a chemical that attracts what kind of organism for spore dispersal?

Answer 20

pigs

Question 21

As fungal hyphae make the transition from a non-growing state to an actively growing and exploring state, what changes would be expected in the cells?

Answer 21

Water would move in and the turgor pressure would increase

Question 22

How are the spores of zygomycetes such as Rhizopus dispersed?

Answer 22

by the wind

Question 23

In many groups of fungi, karyogamy and plasmogamy are separated in time and space. One potential advantage of this arrangement is that:

Answer 23

mating and spore production can occur in different environments.

Question 24

How are the zygote and the dikaryotic stages of a fungal life cycle related?

Answer 24

The dikaryotic stage gives rise to the zygote through karyogamy.

Question 25

Which of the following statements about basidiomycetes and ascomycetes is incorrect?

Answer 25

Basidiomycetes have a short heterokaryotic stage, whereas ascomycetes have a long heterokaryotic stage.

Question 26

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of events in parasexual reproduction?

Answer 26

plasmogamy, karyogamy, mitotic recombination, chromosome loss

Question 27

Which of the following most accurately describes spore production in ascomycetes?

Answer 27

Within each ascus, the zygote undergoes meiosis followed by mitosis to produce eight spores.

Question 28

Which of the following statements about spores is incorrect?