Chapter 29

Question 1

Bryophytes are found:

Answer 1

where roots do not provide an advantage.

throughout the world.

where vascular plants do not have a competitive advantage.

on rocks and trunks of trees.

All of the answer options are true of bryophyte habitats.

Question 2

The waxy substance on leaf surfaces is the:

Answer 2

cuticle.

Question 3

Which of the following groups contain vessels as their primary form of water transport?

Answer 3

angiosperms

Question 4

Vascular plants store most carbohydrate reserves as:

Answer 4

starch.

Question 5

Xylem is able to extract water from soil because it is in direct contact with the soil.

Answer 5

false

Question 6

Like bryophytes, most angiosperms also demonstrate desiccation tolerance, and can survive long periods without water.

Answer 6

false

Question 7

Which of the following are not part of the shoot system?

Answer 7

root

Question 8

Tracheids are shorter and thinner than vessels.

Answer 8

ture

Question 9

At the endodermis is a thin band of hydrophobic material that prevents water passage between cells called the:

Answer 9

Casparian strip.

Question 10

Bryophytes are able to actively control their hydration.

Answer 10

true

Question 11

Where is CO2 stored in a CAM plant?

Answer 11

in the vacuole

Question 12

Water is transported from the soil to the leaves in the:

Answer 12

xylem.

Question 13

Carbohydrates are stored in the roots, but they may also be released into the surrounding soil, where they feed the microbial community.

Answer 13

true

Question 14

Plants that have symbioses with nitrogen-fixing bacteria provide these bacteria with food in the form of carbohydrates.

Answer 14

true

Question 15

How do bryophytes survive extreme dehydration without damage to their tissues?

Answer 15

They are able to dry out and resume photosynthesis at a later time.

Question 16

Relative to C3 plants, the rates of photosynthetic production of CAM plants are high because they can store carbon until it is needed.

Answer 16

false

Question 17

Which of the following substances helps make cells of xylem rigid to avoid collapse?

Answer 17

lignin

Question 18

Which of the following statements is not true about phloem transport of sugars?

Answer 18

Removing sugars from phloem increases turgor pressure at the sink.

Question 19

The carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a plant body come from ______, whereas the majority of other elements come from _________.

Answer 19

CO2 and water; the soil

Question 20

Vascular tissue first evolved in which lineage of land plants?

Answer 20

lycophytes

Question 21

The structure(s) that allow for the diffusion of gasses, such as CO2, into and out of a leaf is(are) the:

Answer 21

stomata.

Question 22

Plants exert greater forces to draw water up through the xylem than is possible with a vacuum pump.

Answer 22

true

Question 23

A benefit of starch being the storage molecule in plants is that starch is easy for plants to move throughout the plant body.

Answer 23

false

Question 24

Root activities are all passive, requiring no additional energy.

Answer 24

false

Question 25

Which of the following plants would not be classified as bryophytes?

Answer 25

ferns

Question 26

Where do mesophyll cells usually obtain CO2 for photosynthesis?

Answer 26

the air spaces that surround them

Question 27

Which of the following statements is true?

Answer 27

Tracheids are short and thin, whereas vessel elements are much wider.

Question 28

Under what circumstances are leaves “sinks” for carbohydrates?

Answer 28

when they very young or when they are in the dark

Question 29

The carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a plant body come from ______, whereas the majority of other elements come from _________.

Answer 29

CO2 and water; the soil

Question 30

Which of the following is not the correct combination of plant tissue and function in a leaf?

Answer 30

mesophyll: leaf surface

Question 31

Which of the following is true of transport in phloem?

Answer 31

It is driven by turgor pressure.

Question 32

Which of the following statements is false regarding CO2 storage in a CAM plant?

Answer 32

The storage form enters the Calvin cycle as phosphoenol pyruvate.

Question 33

Which of the following statements best defines cavitation?

Answer 33

Cavitation is the presence of air bubbles in the xylem.

Question 34

A sieve element does not contain which of the following?

Answer 34

nucleus

Question 35

Root activities are all passive, requiring no additional energy.

Answer 35

false

Question 36

Where do mesophyll cells usually obtain CO2 for photosynthesis?

Answer 36

the air spaces that surround them

Question 37

A researcher is comparing the rate of water flow between an evergreen tree and a cherry blossom. What will she find?

Answer 37

The rate of water flow will be slower in the evergreen, as tracheids have smaller diameters compared to vessels.

Question 38

A companion cell supports a sieve element by performing specific cellular processes.

Answer 38

true

Question 39

Which of the following activities in the roots does not require energy?

Answer 39

absorbing water into the root hair

Question 40

Like bryophytes, most angiosperms also demonstrate desiccation tolerance, and can survive long periods without water.

Answer 40

false

Question 41

Which of the following are not transported in phloem?

Answer 41

large starch molecules

Question 42

At the endodermis is a thin band of hydrophobic material that prevents water passage between cells called the:

Answer 42

Casparian strip.

Question 43

Transpiration is best defined as:

Answer 43

the evaporative loss of water through the stomata.

Question 44

Which of the following statements is not true of the two alternative hypotheses for how the force is generated to pull water up the xylem?

Answer 44

The pectin gel in which cellulose microfibrils are embedded in the cell wall is slightly positive in charge, restricting the diffusion of positively charged ions.

Question 45

Sieve plates:

Answer 45

are modified cell walls that connect sieve elements.

Question 46

Some plant nutrients are more mobile in soil than others.

Answer 46

true

Question 47

If an ancestral plant produced several hundred descendants over millions of years, a monophyletic group would contain _____________ of those descendants, and a paraphyletic group would contain _____________ of those descendants.

Answer 47

all; a subset

Question 48

Although plants expend energy to move both water and carbohydrates between leaves and roots, the transportation of water requires slightly more energy.

Answer 48

false

Question 49

You may know that Ernest Shackleton was a famous explorer of Antarctica. What plants would he most likely have encountered as he traveled the Antarctic?

Answer 49

bryophytes

Question 50

The seed plants consist of which of the following monophyletic groups?

Answer 50

angiosperms and gymnosperms

Question 51

How do bryophytes survive extreme dehydration without damage to their tissues?

Answer 51

They are able to dry out and resume photosynthesis at a later time.