Chapter 3.3 The Chemistry of food Flashcards
What are the main compounds that make up the structure of a cell?
carbohydrates
lipids
protein
What do carbohydrates do?
-Provide us with fuel that makes all other reactions of life possible
What chemical elements do carbohydrates contain?
carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
All carbohydrates are made up of units of _________
sugar
Small carbohydrates units (one and two units) are referred to as _________
a carbohydrates with a single sugar unit?
Name a carbohydrates with a two sugar unit?
simple sugars
glucose
sucrose
Complex carbohydrates are made up of ___________
Give 2 examples of complex carbohydrates?
long chains off simple sugars bonded together.
starch and cellulose
Simple carbohydrates turn ______________ solution brick __________on heating.
Blue Benedict
red
Complex carbohydrates turn ________________ solution ___________________.
yellow-red iodine
blue-black
List some food rich in carbohydrates
bread
potatoe
rice
pasta
Most carbohydrates you eat will be broken down to ________ used in cellular respiration to provide _________ for __________ in your cells
glucose
energy
metabolic reactions
What are Lipids?
fats (solids) and oils (liquids) . The supply your body with energy
What chemical elements are lipids made up of?
carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
(same as carbohydrates)
All lipids are INSOLUBLE/SOLUBLE in water
insoluble
Lipids are made up of three molecules of ______________ joined to a molecule of _____________. The ________ are always the same but the _______________vary.
fatty acid
glycerol
glycerol (same)
fatty acids (vary)
Name some lipid rich foods?
Olive and corn Oil butter margarine cheese cream
What are proteins used for ?
building up the cells and tissues of your body, as well as the basis of all your enzymes.
What percentage of your bodies mass is protein?
15 to 16%
What part of the body is protein found in?
hair
nails
muscles
enzymes
What chemical elements are proteins made up of?
carbon
oxygen
hydrogen
nitrogen
Name some protein rich foods?
fish
meat
cheese
Protein molecules are made up of long chains of small units called?
amino acids
Long chains of amino acids that make up protein are folded, coiled and twisted to make specific _____________. It is these specific _________ that enable other molecules to fit into the __________.The bonds that hold proteins in their 3D shapes are very sensitive to _____and _____ and can be easily broken (DENATURED)
3 d shapes.
shapes
protein
temperature and pH
What functions do proteins carry out in your body?
- structure components of tissues such as muscles and tendons
-hormones such as insulin
antibodies which destroy pathogens and are part of the immune system
-enzymes which act as catalysts
What are the two tests used to identify carbohydrates
-iodine test for starch. (yellow red iodine solution turns blue-black if starch is present
- benedicts test for sugars (blue benedict solution turns brick red on heating if a sugar such as glucose is present
)
