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Biology 202 > Chapter 33: Protostomes > Flashcards

Chapter 33: Protostomes Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two main groups of protostomes?

A

1) Lophotrochozoa
2) Ecdysozoa

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2
Q

Lophotrochozoa:
What are their 3 characteristics?

A

1) Embryos develop using spiral cleavage
2) Most live in water
3) Move using cilia/ contraction of the body’s musculature

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3
Q

Lophotrochozoa:
What are their 2 characteristic structures? (some of them)

A

1) Trochophore: a free-living larva (worm-like)
2) Lophophore: a horseshoe-shaped crown of ciliated tentacles surrounds the mouth used in filter-feeding

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4
Q

Ecdysozoa:
What are the 2 main groups of ecdysozoans?

A

1) Arthropods
2) Nematodes

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5
Q

Ecdysozoa:
What animals it contains?

A

It contains animals that molt and have an exoskeleton (hard external skeleton)

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6
Q

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworms):
What are their 5 characteristics?

A

1) Ciliated
2) Soft-bodied
3) Acoelomate animals
4) Many are parasitic others are free-living
5) Lives in marine, freshwater, moist terrestrial

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7
Q

T/F: Anus is an evolutionary feature.

A

True

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8
Q

T/F: Even though the coelom is an evolutionary feature it was not always kept

A

True

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9
Q

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworms):
What do they have? (5)

A

1) Incomplete/ primitive digestive cavity
2) Tissues
3) Complex reproductive system
4) Undeveloped eyespot
5) A mouth with a pharynx that contracts and decomposes food

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10
Q

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworms):
What do they lack?

A

1) Coelom
2) organs

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11
Q

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworms):
How do they breathe?

A

By diffusion

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12
Q

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworms):
How do the spread food to the body?

A

They use vacuoles (phagocytosis)

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13
Q

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworms):
How do they get rid of the waste?

A

Either by diffusion or by mouth

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14
Q

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworms):
What are the consequences of having eyespots?

A

Directional movement and semi-cephalization

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15
Q

T/F: Not all animals have muscles

A

False - All animals have muscles but the can be from different type of mesoderm

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16
Q

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworms):
T/F: They are hermaphroditic

A

True - Gross fertilize

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17
Q

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworms):
All and all they win the title of _______

A

successful (reproduce a lot)

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18
Q

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Rotifera (wheel animals):
T/F: They are coelomates

A

False - They are pseudocoelomates

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19
Q

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Rotifera (wheel animals):
What is the function of their pseudo coelom?

A

Hydrostatic skeleton

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20
Q

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Rotifera (wheel animals):
What is the corona and what do they use it for?

A

Corona: Conspicuous (clearly visible) ring of cilia at anterior end.
They are used for locomotion and filter-feeding

21
Q

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Rotifera (wheel animals):
T/F: They have human-like legs

A

FALSE - They have a sort of toes that releases adhesive material

22
Q

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Rotifera (wheel animals):
All and all they win the title of _______

A

First phylum with anus

23
Q

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Mollusca:
What are their 7 characteristics?

A

1) Have a small coelom
2) Live in water/moist habitat
3) Some have shells some don’t
4) Most are soft-bodied
5) Large range
6) Important source of human food
7) Economically significant

24
Q

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Mollusca:
All and all they win The TWO titles:
1) _______
2) _______

A

1) Second in diversity
2) Most useful to humans

25
Q

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Mollusca:
T/F: They have only 1 shell

A

False - The may have no shell,1 or 2 (bi-valves => laterally)

26
Q

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Mollusca:
What are their 7 body parts + function?

A

1) Visceral mass - where organs are
2) Mantle (dorsal side) - Protect organs, secrete calcium phosphate to make the shell if present
3) Complete gut
4) Small coelom
5) nephridium - under-developed excretory system
6) Foot - secrete mucus, contractions, food
7) Radula near the mouth - breaks down food

27
Q

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Nemertea (Ribbon worms):
T/F: They do not have a coelom.

A

False - They have a Rhynchocoel that acts like a coelom.

28
Q

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Nemertea (Ribbon worms):
What are the characteristics of Rhynchocoel?

A

1) Cavity that have muscles around it
2) Contracts
3) Capture prey

29
Q

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Nemertea (Ribbon worms):
What are the differences between them and flatworms?

A

They have a complete gut && they have the Rhynchocoel.

30
Q

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Nemertea (Ribbon worms):
All and all they win the title of _______:

A

The LLOONNGGEESSTT animal alive

31
Q

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Annelid:
What is the doubt in this phylum?

A

The may not be monophyletic

32
Q

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Annelid:
What are their 2 specialties?

A

1)The are segmented with each separation called septa
2) Have a cephalization and by that an increase in control and having eyes

33
Q

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Annelid:
What do they have well-developed?

A

A head with a well-developed cerebral ganglion (cephalization)

34
Q

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Annelid:
T/F: All organs are repeated in each septa.

A

False - Each segment has a pair of excretory organs, a ganglion, and locomotory structure.

35
Q

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Annelid:
T/F: They do not have a circulatory system.

A

False - They have a closed but not segmented circulatory system.

36
Q

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Annelid:
T/F: They have several hearts

A

True

37
Q

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Annelid:
T/F: Annelids are hermaphroditic.

A

True

38
Q

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Annelid:
What is the structure that helps Annelids move?

A

Setae are bristles of chitin used in locomotion.

39
Q

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Annelid:
What is the key for Annelid’s copulation?

A

Mucus to hold two of them together

40
Q

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Annelid:
What is an example of Annelids and what is its advantages?

A

Leech - secrete an anticoagulant

41
Q

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Annelid:
All and all Annelids win the title of _______:

A

Segmented animal with cephalization

42
Q

Lophotrochozoa - Bryozoa and Brachiopoda phyla:
What do they have in common?

A

1) Have lophophores
2) Have a u shaped row of ciliated tentacles (gas exchange, filter feeding and motion)
3) May be convergent evolution

43
Q

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Bryozoa (moss animals):
What are the Bryozoan’s 4 characteristics?

A

1) Live in colonies
2) Mouth near the anus
3) Both sexual and asexual reproduction (budding off)
4) Secrete a tiny chitinous chamber called a zoecium using the mantle

44
Q

Lophotrochozoa - phylum Brachiopoda (lamp shells):
What are the Brachiopoda 4 characteristics?

A

1) Have lophophores inside them
2) Have 2 shells dorso-ventrally (unlike bi-valves)
3) Some of them have a pedicle some of them not
4) Can be sessile or not

45
Q

Ecdysozoa - phylum Nematoda:
What are their 5 characteristics?

A

1) Abundant and diverse
2) pseudocoelomates
3) Bilaterally symmetrical
4) Thick cuticle that is molted as they grow
5) Well developed digestive system (Stylets - pharynx - Anus)

46
Q

Ecdysozoa - phylum Nematoda:
Name a type that can harm humans (indicate all the details)

A

Trichinella that can cause trichinosis (forms cysts in muscles) comes from eating undercooked meat

47
Q

Ecdysozoa - Phylum Arthropods:
How many classes and what are they + small definition? (4)

A

1) Chelicerata - anterior chelicera (pincers or fangs)
2) Crustacea - biramous appendages - two pairs of antennae
3) Hexapoda - uniramous appendages - 3 body parts - 1 pair of antennae
4) Myriapoda - pair of antennae - PAIRED uniramous appendages

48
Q

Ecdysozoa - phylum Arthropods:
What are the 3 key aspects of their success? Explain each one of them.

A

1) Segmentation (In some classes specialized into tagmata)
2) Exoskeleton - Made of chitin and proteins that protects against water loss and that must molt.
3) Jointed appendages - that can be modified into antennae, mouthparts or wings and that can be extended or retracted

Biology 202 (6 decks)

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