Chapter 3.3

Question 1

______ decrease the amount of activation energy that the reactants need to react

Answer 1

Enzymes

Question 2

help determine whether reactions will occur with or without E

Answer 2

the laws of thermodynamics

Question 3

information about E changes help what?

Answer 3

determine spontaneous reactions

Question 4

enzymes reach the_________ faster and lower _________, allowing products to form faster

Answer 4

transition state; activation energy

Question 5

How will the breakdown of disaccharides occur? Why?

Answer 5

spontaneously but slowly because the bonds have to break before reforming the products

Question 6

activation E

Answer 6

E that reactions need to break initial bonds (transitional state)

Question 7

the reaction may be spontaneous but it does not start until _____?

Answer 7

activation energy is gained

Question 8

In what form of energy does activation energy usually occur? what can result?

Answer 8

thermal; denaturation because of an increase in heat results in more kinetic E allowing bonds to break when they collide

Question 9

Why can high E be an issue?

Answer 9

1. can destroy structural components of proteins and DNA causing loss of function
2. increase reactions in the cell

Question 10

The addition of more enzymes will ____?

Answer 10

lower the activation energy

Question 11

_____ need to be in the transition state in order for a reaction to occur

Answer 11

substrates

Question 12

Enzymes reduce activation E. How?

Answer 12

1. can bring molecules together
2. expose reactant molecules to altered charged environments that promote catalysis
3. can change the shape of the substrate (induced fit model)