4.2 Glycolysis Flashcards
Step 1
- glucose is phosphorylated into ATP with kinase
- prevented from leaving the cell
- energy is absorbed
carbon 6 molecule
glucose
glucose 6 phosphate
product from Step 1 of glycolysis
Step 2
- atoms are rearranged through isomerization
- isomerase enzyme is used
- no change in energy
fructose 6 phosphate
product from Step 2 of glycolysis
Step 3
- carbon-1 is phosphorylated
- makes the molecule unstable
- uses kinase
- absorbs energy
fructose 1, 6 biphosphate
product from Step 3 of glycolysis
Step 4
- the molecule is split up into 2 through cleavage
- uses the lyase enzyme
- no change in energy
dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate (G3P)
product from Step 4 of glycolysis
Step 5
- DHAP and G3P isomers are used
- 1 dihydroxyacetone phosphate converts glyceraldehyde phosphate (therefore 2 G3P molecules are created per one molecule of glucose)
- no change in energy
1 extra glyceraldehyde phosphate
product from Step 5 of glycolysis
1, 3 bisphosphoglycerate
product from Step 6 of glycolysis
NADH
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced form)
NAD+
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (oxidized form)
Step 7
- ADP phosphorylation (substrate-level phosphorylation)
- create ATP
- using kinase enzyme
- energy is released
3-phosphoglycerate
product from Step 7 of glycolysis
Step 8
- phosphate moves carbons (from 3 to 2)
- using an isomerase enzyme
- no change in energy
2-phosphoglycerate
product from Step 8 of glycolysis
Step 9
- water is removed (speed up reaction) through dehydration
- using lyase enzyme
- energy is released
phosphoenolpyruvate
product from Step 9 of glycolysis
Step 10
- ADP phosphorylates into ATP (substrate-level phosphorylation)
- using kinase enzyme
- energy is released
pyruvate
product from Step 10 of glycolysis
How may ATP molecules are produced
2 are used, 4 are generated
