Chapter 3.3 Flashcards
What are the 4 components present in ALL cells?
Cytoplasm, ribosomes, DNA, cell membrane.
Which components are present in a typical prokaryotic cell?
Cell wall, ribosomes, cell membrane, chromosomal dna in the nucleioid.
What are some structures that can be found in some prokaryotic cells
flagella (sing. Flagellum)
pili (sing. Pilus)
fimbriae
capsules
What are the common cell morphologies and typical of prokaryotic cells?
Coccus- round
Bacillus- rod
Vibrio- curved rod (comma)
Coccoballius- short rod
Spirillum- spiral
Spirochete- long, loose, helical spiral
Describe SOME internal and external structures of prokaryotic cells in terms of their
physical structure, chemical structure, and function
The Nucleoid: is a condensed area of DNA
Bacterial Plasmids: the plasmids are required for survival of bacterial cells in general
Ribosomes: 70s ribosomes found in cytoplasm and are constructed by proteins and rRNA
Endospores: allow some microbes to survive extreme conditions
Describe the plasma membrane in bacterial cells.
Bilayer of phospholipids ( ester linkage) and proteins. And are selective permeable.
Describe the difference between bacterial and archaeal membranes.
Bacterial membranes have ester linkage while archaeal membranes have ether linkage. Additionally some archaeal membranes have mono layer lipid membranes.
What are the types of transportation across the plasma membrane of bacterial cells?
Diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, and group translocation.
What is the role of the bacterial cell wall? Why peptidoglycan is targeted by many
antibiotics?
The role of the cell wall is to protect the cell from harsh conditions. Many antibiotics target peptidoglycan because peptidoglycan is unique to bacteria therefore antibiotic drugs are designed to interfere with peptidoglycan synthesis to weaken the cell wall.
Distinguish between Gram + and Gram – bacteria’s Cell wall.
Gram + thick layer. cell walls are structurally simple, containing a thick layer of peptidoglycan with embedded teichoic acid external to the plasma membrane.
Gram - thin layer. walls are structurally more complex, containing three layers: the inner membrane, a thin layer of peptidoglycan, and an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharide
Describe the unique features of the cell wall in acid-fast bacteria and mycoplasmas.
These bacteria have mycolic acids in their cell walls. They are called acid fast because acid-fast stains must be used to penetrate the mycolic acid layer for purposes of microscopy.
Describe SOME internal and external structures of prokaryotic cells in terms of their
physical structure, chemical structure, and function
Glycocalyces: a sugar coat, exterior to the cell wall
S-layer: Structural proteins and Glycoproteins • Outside the bacterial cell wall • THE cell wall for some Archaea
Fimbriae: Short, bristle like proteins used in motion
Pili: used in motion, transfer of dna
Flagella: used for motion Connects basal body to
filament
