Chapter 1 Review Questions Flashcards
Distinguish between a scientific hypothesis and a scientific theory.
A scientific hypothesis is a suggested explanation for an event which can be tested. A scientific theory is a tested and confirmed explanation for observations or phenomena.
Describe the 6 major steps in the scientific method and be able to recognize their sequence when given their names or the examples.
Make an observation, ask a question, form a hypothesis, make a prediction, do an experiment, analyze the results.
Name two main types of scientific study. Are they separated or Inter connected?
Descriptive science which aims to observe, explore, and discover. Hypothesis based science which begins with a specific question or problem and a potential answer or solution that one can test. They are both interconnected to each other.
Define microorganisms (or microbes).
Small organisms that cannot be seen without a microscope.
Forms and locations of microorganisms.
Forms are varied and location is almost everywhere.
Their (microbes) roles to humans and ecosystems.
They are the backbone of many food webs. People use them to make biofuels, medicines, and foods.
Give examples of fermented foods and beverages in our recorded history.
Bread yogurt cheese pickled veggies beer and wine.
What is microbial fermentation?
A process uses microbes (bacteria, mold, or yeast) to convert sugars to alcohol gases and organic acids.
What is the name of the famous yeast that involve making bread and wine?
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Who is the father of western medicine?
Hippocrates
Who was the father of scientific history and concept of immunity
Thucydides
Who associated disease with minute creatures anomalía minuta which flor in the air and enter the body through mouth and nose.
Marcus terentius varro
What is considered to be the birth of microbiology? Who first discovered the bacterial world.
The birth of microbiology was when a lens was invented by Anthony’s van Leeuwenhoek to see microbes.
When is the golden age of microbiology? Why?
1857-1914 when new discoveries where made.
Name 2 famous scientist that contributed to many new discoveries during the golden age of microbiology.
Louis pasted and Robert Koch
List 3 major contributions of Louis Pasteur.
Realized fermentation was caused by microorganisms, invented pasteurization which prevented spoilage, and developed vaccines like rabies.
List 3 major contributions of Robert Koch.
Connected microbes to disease, discovered anthrax, discovered tuberculosis.
Why do we need a systematically organization to classify, to learn, and to deal with microbial diversity?
Because microbes are diverse in size, shape, and rates of reproduction.
What is taxonomy? List 6 levels of general taxonomy from highest to lowest level. Which of them was/is the most basic and specific unit of taxonomy?
Taxonomy is a classification, description, identification, and naming of living organisms.
Kingdom, class, order, family, genus, and species. Species is the most specific and basic unit.
Be familiar with naming microbes and be able to recognize the correct scientific name of species.
Genus is always capitalizes the species is not and both are italicized.
What are the 3 types of testing used to identify bacteria?
Biochemical test, DNA/RNA analysis, and serological testing methods.
Who propose the new genetic based tree with 3 major domains? What info is used to make this tree? What are the 3 domains of line in this tree?
Worse and fox proposed genetic based tree and the info used is rRNA, RNA, DNA, and proteins. The 3 domains are archaea, bacteria, and eukarya.
Is taxonomy complex and continuously evolved with new data and evidence?
Yes
What are the basics of microbes?
They are small enough to require magnification. Are unicellular, multicellular, or ace cellular. And are in the 3 domains, archaea bacteria and eukarya.
What are three types of microorganisms?
Prokaryotes, eukaryotic, and acellular organisms.
What type of microbes are there in prokaryotes?
Bacteria and archaea.
What type of microbes are there in eukaryotic microbes?
Protist, fungi’s, and helminths.
What type of microbes are there in acellular microorganisms?
Viruses
Which type of microbes have peptidoglycan?
Bacteria
Describe the similarities and differences between archaea and bacteria.
Bacteria and archaea are both prokaryotes, they differ by bacteria having peptidoglycan cell walls, pathogens, while archaea does not.
