Chapter 1 Review Questions

Question 1

Distinguish between a scientific hypothesis and a scientific theory.

Answer 1

A scientific hypothesis is a suggested explanation for an event which can be tested. A scientific theory is a tested and confirmed explanation for observations or phenomena.

Question 2

Describe the 6 major steps in the scientific method and be able to recognize their sequence when given their names or the examples.

Answer 2

Make an observation, ask a question, form a hypothesis, make a prediction, do an experiment, analyze the results.

Question 3

Name two main types of scientific study. Are they separated or Inter connected?

Answer 3

Descriptive science which aims to observe, explore, and discover. Hypothesis based science which begins with a specific question or problem and a potential answer or solution that one can test. They are both interconnected to each other.

Question 4

Define microorganisms (or microbes).

Answer 4

Small organisms that cannot be seen without a microscope.

Question 5

Forms and locations of microorganisms.

Answer 5

Forms are varied and location is almost everywhere.

Question 6

Their (microbes) roles to humans and ecosystems.

Answer 6

They are the backbone of many food webs. People use them to make biofuels, medicines, and foods.

Question 7

Give examples of fermented foods and beverages in our recorded history.

Answer 7

Bread yogurt cheese pickled veggies beer and wine.

Question 8

What is microbial fermentation?

Answer 8

A process uses microbes (bacteria, mold, or yeast) to convert sugars to alcohol gases and organic acids.

Question 9

What is the name of the famous yeast that involve making bread and wine?

Answer 9

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Question 10

Who is the father of western medicine?

Answer 10

Hippocrates

Question 11

Who was the father of scientific history and concept of immunity

Answer 11

Thucydides

Question 12

Who associated disease with minute creatures anomalía minuta which flor in the air and enter the body through mouth and nose.

Answer 12

Marcus terentius varro

Question 13

What is considered to be the birth of microbiology? Who first discovered the bacterial world.

Answer 13

The birth of microbiology was when a lens was invented by Anthony’s van Leeuwenhoek to see microbes.

Question 14

When is the golden age of microbiology? Why?

Answer 14

1857-1914 when new discoveries where made.

Question 15

Name 2 famous scientist that contributed to many new discoveries during the golden age of microbiology.

Answer 15

Louis pasted and Robert Koch

Question 16

List 3 major contributions of Louis Pasteur.

Answer 16

Realized fermentation was caused by microorganisms, invented pasteurization which prevented spoilage, and developed vaccines like rabies.

Question 17

List 3 major contributions of Robert Koch.

Answer 17

Connected microbes to disease, discovered anthrax, discovered tuberculosis.

Question 18

Why do we need a systematically organization to classify, to learn, and to deal with microbial diversity?

Answer 18

Because microbes are diverse in size, shape, and rates of reproduction.

Question 19

What is taxonomy? List 6 levels of general taxonomy from highest to lowest level. Which of them was/is the most basic and specific unit of taxonomy?

Answer 19

Taxonomy is a classification, description, identification, and naming of living organisms.
Kingdom, class, order, family, genus, and species. Species is the most specific and basic unit.

Question 20

Be familiar with naming microbes and be able to recognize the correct scientific name of species.

Answer 20

Genus is always capitalizes the species is not and both are italicized.

Question 21

What are the 3 types of testing used to identify bacteria?

Answer 21

Biochemical test, DNA/RNA analysis, and serological testing methods.

Question 22

Who propose the new genetic based tree with 3 major domains? What info is used to make this tree? What are the 3 domains of line in this tree?

Answer 22

Worse and fox proposed genetic based tree and the info used is rRNA, RNA, DNA, and proteins. The 3 domains are archaea, bacteria, and eukarya.

Question 23

Is taxonomy complex and continuously evolved with new data and evidence?

Answer 23

Yes

Question 24

What are the basics of microbes?

Answer 24

They are small enough to require magnification. Are unicellular, multicellular, or ace cellular. And are in the 3 domains, archaea bacteria and eukarya.

Question 25

What are three types of microorganisms?

Answer 25

Prokaryotes, eukaryotic, and acellular organisms.

Question 26

What type of microbes are there in prokaryotes?

Answer 26

Bacteria and archaea.

Question 27

What type of microbes are there in eukaryotic microbes?

Answer 27

Protist, fungi’s, and helminths.

Question 28

What type of microbes are there in acellular microorganisms?

Answer 28

Viruses

Question 29

Which type of microbes have peptidoglycan?

Answer 29

Bacteria

Question 30

Describe the similarities and differences between archaea and bacteria.

Answer 30

Bacteria and archaea are both prokaryotes, they differ by bacteria having peptidoglycan cell walls, pathogens, while archaea does not.