Chapter 32: Stress and coping Flashcards
what are the three types of stress?
Physiologic stress, Psychological stress, Sociocultural stress
Physiologic stress =
the body’s potentially harmful reaction to a stimulus
Psychological stress =
the emotional and cognitive factors involved in the appraisal of threat
Sociocultural stress =
the stress when social systems are challenged by factors such as racism, economic hardship, or political upheaval
How does Kasl define stress ?
“A demand from the internal or external environment that exceeds the person’s immediately available resources or ability to respond”
How does Selye define stress:
“A non-specific response of the body to any demand made upon it.”
A stressor is an
event or stimulus that disrupts a person’s sense of equilibrium.
Stress appraisal =
the process by which a person interprets a stressor as a threat or a challenge
what are the 3 stages of stress
- Alarm
- Resistance
- Exhaustion
negative stress =
distress
Eustress
positive stress
Local adaptation syndrome (LAS) may manifest
- Inflammation,
2. Reflexive response to pain, or 3. Hypoxia secondary to catecholamine release
Allostasis
is the means by which homeostasis is reestablished.
what are the 2 stages of evaluation
- Immediacy of threat and degree of ambiguity of the threat are factors
- Coping options are evaluated
Threat versus challenge
Threat includes possibility of harm or loss
Challenge hold possibility of benefit
ense of coherence(SOC): A characteristic of personality that references one’s perception of the world as comprehensible, meaningful, and manageable.
A characteristic of personality that references one’s perception of the world as comprehensible, meaningful, and manageable.
Coping:
The dynamic cognitive and behavioral efforts to manage demands (internal or external) that are appraised as exceeding immediately available resources
Defense mechanisms are
predominantly unconscious, protective coping methods that individuals may assume in response to a perceived threat.
what are the 10 defense mechanisms?
Compensation, Denial, Displacement, intellectualization, projection, rationalization, regression, repression, reaction formation,subblimation
Compensation
Focusing on strengths rather than perceived weaknesses
Denial
Ignoring aspects of reality that induce anxiety or contribute to a loss of self-esteem
Displacement
Redirecting negative emotions perceived as unacceptable or threatening to a safer focus
Intellectualization
Overthinking a challenging situation or impulse to avoid dealing with the emotions it elicits
Projection
Attributing one’s own motives, values, desires, situational responses, and personality traits to another person
Rationalization
Explaining personal actions in a way that enhances one’s own self-image
Regression
Reverting to behavior associated with an earlier stage of development when challenged by thoughts and stressors
Repression
Blocking unacceptable thoughts and feelings from consciousness
Reaction formation
Responding to negative thoughts or feelings by demonstrating opposite emotions and actions
Sublimation
Rechanneling unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable activities
How does the immune system respond to stress?
Pain, vasodilation, and swelling
Mobilization of white blood cells, lymphocytes
how does the endocrine system respond to stress?
adrenal medulla releases hormones
what are psychological responses to stress?
- anxiety, anger, depression
Crisis Intervention =
short-term assistance provided to an individual with the goal of regaining equilibrium in a time of physical or emotional upheaval.
