Chapter 32 - Animal Diversity Flashcards
Both animals and fungi are heterotrophic. What distinguishes animal heterotrophy from fungal heterotrophy is that only animals derive their nutrition by
A) preying on animals.
B) ingesting it.
C) consuming living, rather than dead, prey.
D) using enzymes to digest their food.
B) ingesting it.
The larvae of some insects are merely small versions of the adult, whereas the larvae of other insects look completely different from adults, eat different foods, and may live in different habitats. Which of the following most directly favors the evolution of the latter, more radical, kind of metamorphosis?
A) natural selection of sexually immature forms of insects
B) changes in the homeobox genes governing early development
C) the evolution of meiosis
D) the development of an oxidizing atmosphere on Earth
E) the origin of a brain
B) changes in the homeobox genes governing early development
Which of the following is (are) unique to animals?
A) cells that have mitochondria B) the structural carbohydrate, chitin C) nervous conduction and muscular movement D) heterotrophy E) Two of these responses are correct.
C) nervous conduction and muscular movement
What do animals as diverse as corals and monkeys have in common?
A) body cavity between body wall and digestive system B) number of embryonic tissue layers C) type of body symmetry D) presence of Hox genes E) degree of cephalization
D) presence of Hox genes
The Hox genes came to regulate each of the following in what sequence, from earliest to most recent?
- identity and position of paired appendages in protostome embryos
- anterior-posterior orientation of segments in protostome embryos
- positioning of tentacles in cnidarians
- anterior-posterior orientation in vertebrate embryos
A) 4 → 1 → 3 → 2 B) 4 → 2 → 3 → 1 C) 4 → 2 → 1 → 3 D) 3 → 2 → 1 → 4 E) 3 → 4 → 1 → 2
D) 3 → 2 → 1 → 4
In individual insects of some species, whole chromosomes that carry larval genes are eliminated from the genomes of somatic cells at the time of metamorphosis. A consequence of this occurrence is that
A) we could not clone a larva from the somatic cells of such an adult insect.
B) such species must reproduce only asexually.
C) the descendents of these adults do not include a larval stage.
D) metamorphosis can no longer occur among the descendents of such adults.
E) Two of these responses are correct.
A) we could not clone a larva from the somatic cells of such an adult insect.
The last common ancestor of all animals was probably a
A) unicellular chytrid. B) unicellular yeast. C) multicellular algae. D) multicellular fungus. E) flagellated protist.
E) flagellated protist.
Which statement is most consistent with the hypothesis that the Cambrian explosion was caused by the rise of predator-prey relationships?
A) increased incidence of worm burrows in the fossil record
B) increased incidence of larger animals in the fossil record
C) increased incidence of organic material in the fossil record
D) increased incidence of fern galls in the fossil record
E) increased incidence of hard parts in the fossil record
E) increased incidence of hard parts in the fossil record
Which of the following genetic processes may be most helpful in accounting for the Cambrian explosion?
A) binary fission B) mitosis C) random segregation D) gene duplication E) chromosomal condensation
D) gene duplication
Whatever its ultimate cause(s), the Cambrian explosion is a prime example of
A) mass extinction.
B) evolutionary stasis.
C) adaptive radiation.
D) All three of the responses are correct.
E) Only two of the responses are correct.
C) adaptive radiation.
Fossil evidence indicates that the following events occurred in what sequence, from earliest to most recent?
- Protostomes invade terrestrial environments.
- Cambrian explosion occurs.
- Deuterostomes invade terrestrial environments.
- Vertebrates become top predators in the seas.
A) 2 → 4 → 3 → 1 B) 2 → 1 → 4 → 3 C) 2 → 4 → 1 → 3 D) 2 → 3 → 1 → 4 E) 2 → 1 → 3 → 4
C) 2 → 4 → 1 → 3
What is the probable sequence in which the following clades of animals originated, from earliest to most recent?
- tetrapods
- vertebrates
- deuterostomes
- amniotes
- bilaterians
A) 5 → 3 → 2 → 4 → 1 B) 5 → 3 → 2 → 1 → 4 C) 5 → 3 → 4 → 2 → 1 D) 3 → 5 → 4 → 2 → 1 E) 3 → 5 → 2 → 1 → 4
B) 5 → 3 → 2 → 1 → 4
Arthropods invaded land about 100 million years before vertebrates did so. This most clearly implies that:
A) arthropods evolved before vertebrates did.
B) extant terrestrial arthropods are better adapted to terrestrial life than are extant terrestrial vertebrates.
C) ancestral arthropods must have been poorly adapted to aquatic life, and thus experienced a selective pressure to invade land.
D) vertebrates evolved from arthropods.
E) arthropods have had more time to coevolve with land plants than have vertebrates.
E) arthropods have had more time to coevolve with land plants than have vertebrates.
An adult animal that possesses bilateral symmetry is most certainly also:
A) triploblastic.
B) a deuterostome.
C) eucoelomate.
D) highly cephalized.
A) triploblastic.
Soon after the coelom begins to form, a researcher injects a dye into the coelom of a deuterostome embryo. Initially, the dye should be able to flow directly into the:
A) blastopore.
B) blastocoel.
C) archenteron.
D) pseudocoelom.
C) archenteron.
