Chapter 31 - Ronald Reagan and Beyond

Question 1

What percentage of the popular vote did Ronald Reagan win?

Answer 1

Only 50.7%.

Question 2

How many Electoral College votes did Ronald Reagan?

Answer 2

489 of 538.

Question 3

Who won the Presidency after Jimmy Carter?

Answer 3

Ronald Reagan.

Question 4

What contributed to the perception of the Carter Administration as hapless?

Answer 4

1) Iranian Hostage Crisis
2) Economic Stagnation
3) Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan

Question 5

Describe Ronald Reagan’s political philosophy?

Answer 5

Philosophically Conservative.

Question 6

What is the most visible aspect of the shift towards conservatism in the post-1970 era?

Answer 6

The Moral Majority.

Question 7

Who was arguably the most influential conservative activist of the 20th century?

Answer 7

Phyllis Schlafly.

Question 8

List examples of the conservative shift in America.

Answer 8

1) The 700 Club Mixing Christian TV with Political Commentary
2) Women Defeating the Equal Rights Amendment and Emphasizing the Stay-at-Home Mother
3) The NRA Grew in Size and Influence
4) California State Legislature lower taxes and government spending as a result of popular outcry.

Question 9

What was the theme to Reagan’s national agenda?

Answer 9

The government is not the solution to the problem. The government is the problem.

Question 10

What were the two primary features to the conservative pro-economic growth environment?

Answer 10

1) Less government restraint on free-enterprise. The number of regulations were almost halved.
2) Reduced Taxes. High end taxes down to 35% from 70%. Follow Supply Side economics over demand see economics.

Question 11

What happened to the economy under Ronald Reagan?

Answer 11

Spectacular Economic Growth With Soaring Productivity, Business Profits, and 13 Million New Jobs.

Question 12

What happened to morality under the Reagan administration?

Answer 12

Morality became an acceptable area of political discourse. Politicians espoused Christianity and conservatives argued based on moral values.

Question 13

How did the Supreme Court become more conservative?

Answer 13

Reagan appointed three new and conservative judges.

Question 14

How has the Supreme Court shown its conservatism?

Answer 14

Its only asking if it will sustain the rulings of the liberal court not expand them.

Question 15

Describe Reagan’s Foreign Policy.

Answer 15

1) Aggressive Military
2) Tougher on the Soviets
3) Painted the Cold War in Moral Terms
4) Increased Defense Spending Dramatically
5) Committed to Containment.

Question 16

Who is responsible for revitalizing the Republican Party in America?

Answer 16

Ronald Reagan.

Question 17

Why did Reagan accumulate such a large national debt?

Answer 17

As a way to win the Cold War and outspend the Soviets into defeat.

Question 18

Who followed the Reagan Administration?

Answer 18

Bush #1

Question 19

What describe Bush #1’s political philosophy?

Answer 19

Moderate Republican who somewhat continued Reagan’s policy.

Question 20

What were the major events that occurred during the Bush #1 Presidency?

Answer 20

1) The Fall of the Berlin Wall
2) Disbanding of the Warsaw Pact
3) U.S. Nuclear Reductions
4) Invasion of Iraq and Kuwait.

Question 21

What are the Key Elements/Events of the pre-1970 Cold War?

Answer 21

1) The Long Telegram and Containment
2) The Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan
3) The Berlin Airlift
4) Creation of NATO and the Warsaw Pact
5) Division of Germany into two states
6) China falls to the communist
7) Korean War
8) Permanent Two-State Division of Korea
9) Rosenberg Spy Case
10) McCarthyism
11) Several CIA Engineered Coups in Iran/Venezuela
12) Permanent Division of Vietnam
13) Nuclear Proliferation and the Arms Race
14) Creation of NASA and Sputnik
15) Cuban Revolution Brings in Castro
16) U-2 Crisis
17) Bay of Pigs Fiasco
18) Cuban Missile Crisis
19) The Berlin Wall
20) Space Race and ICBM’s
21) Vietnam

Question 22

What Cold War Policy did Richard Nixon and Henry Kissinger pursue?

Answer 22

Detente - Easing of Tensions Between the USSR and US. Rejected Monolithic Communism

Question 23

What did Detente look like?

Answer 23

1) Nixon First to Visit USSR
2) Joint US - USSR Space Mission
3) Normalization of Trade Relations
4) SALT Agreements
5) Helenski Accords.

Question 24

What did the SALT Agreements do?

Answer 24

1) Production of ICBMs Were Frozen For Five Years

Question 25

What did the Helsinki accords do?

Answer 25

The US conceded the political status quo in European exchange for opening the Iron Curtain and a Soviet promise to respect basic human rights.

Question 26

How did Nixon pursue Detente with China?

Answer 26

1) Visiting China to Strain the USSR-Chinese Relationship

Question 27

How did Nixon pursue Detente with Chile?

Answer 27

By working to destabilize their leader and overthrow him with a right-wing leader.

Question 28

What are the four foreign policy objectives Nixon accomplished during his time in office?

Answer 28

1) Extricated the US From Vietnam
2) Reestablished the US as the Agenda Setter in International Relations
3) Strengthened the US’s diplomatic position by wearing the USSR-China Relationship
4) He Made All Out Nuclear War Less Likely.

Question 29

On what did Jimmy Carter base his foreign policy?

Answer 29

On human rights.

Question 30

What ambitious agreement did Jimmy Carter forge between Egypt and Israel?

Answer 30

The Camp David Accords

Question 31

What did the Camp David Accords Accomplish?

Answer 31

1) Recognized Israel’s right to exist and a peace treaty that has been followed today.

Question 32

What were the two setbacks the Carter administration faced in 1979?

Answer 32

1) Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan

2) Iran Hostage Crisis.

Question 33

How did Jimmy Carter Respond to the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan?

Answer 33

1) Tabled SALT II

2) Boycotted the 1980 Moscow Olympics.

Question 34

What was the American perception of America’s failures in the 1980s?

Answer 34

1) Vietnam fell to the Communists
2) The Area Oil Embargo Hurts the Economy and Exposed Energy Security Problems
3) Communism Was Making Gains in the World
4) Iranian hostage crisis made the US feel impotent in world politics.

Question 35

What were the six principles that informed Reagan’s international diplomacy?

Answer 35

1) No Moral Equivalence between the US and USSR
2) Peace Through Strength
3) Identified and Exploited the Weak Soviet Economy
4) Force the Soviets into an Arms Race to Increase Pressure on the Soviet Economy
5) US Would Vigorously Support Anti-Communists Movements and Increase Technological Capacity.
6) No Bailing Out The Soviets. End Detente

Question 36

How did the Reagan Administration Exercise his foreign policy in Latin America?

Answer 36

1) Grenada - Invasion After cooperation with Cuba.
2) El Salvador - Economic and Military Aid to Prevent Overthrow
3) Nicaragua - Funded and Trained the Contras. (Iran-Contras affair.) Overthrew communists there and installed a pro-US government.

Question 37

How did the Reagan Administration Exercise his foreign policy in other parts of the globe?

Answer 37

1) Armed the Mujahadeen in the Afghanistan Conflict.
2) Supported Revels inside USSR states in Yemen, Angola, Ethiopia, Cambodia, and Cuba
3) Libya bombing in retaliation for terrorism.

Question 38

What is the name of the Program Reagan implemented to start and arms race?

Answer 38

The Strategic Defense Initiative or SDI.

Question 39

What was Reagan’s Cold War endgame?

Answer 39

Get Gorbachev to massively cut the Soviet Military and destroy his own power.

Question 40

Why did the US Win the Cold War?

Answer 40

1) The US Exhausted the Soviet Union Economically.
2) Containment Policy Deprived the Soviets of Morale Boosting Victories
3) The US Cultivated the Soviet Citizens Sense of Discontentment with Communism
4) Reagan Managed Gorbachov Masterfully.

Question 41

Compare US and Soviet Military Spending as a percentage of GDP.

Answer 41

Soviets - 16-27%. US - 6.8%

Question 42

What is the most significant aspect of the Clinton administration?

Answer 42

Backing away from 1960s-liberalism. Shifted the Democratic Party to be more centrist.

Question 43

What two incidents caused a setback to feminism under the Clinton administration?

Answer 43

1) The Anita Hill - Clarence Thomas Sexual Harassment Allegations
2) The Monica Lewinsky Affair.

Question 44

What did Second wave Feminism Support?

Answer 44

Career Oriented Lives for Women

Question 45

Define philosophical liberalism.

Answer 45

1) Man is Good
2) Man can and Will Progress
3) Man’s Progress is Hindered by Ignorance, Oppression and Poverty
4) Change is Good Because it Ultimately Leads to Life Improving

Question 46

Define philosophical Conservatism.

Answer 46

1) Man is Evil
2) Man is as likely to regress as progress
3) Man is hindered by his own limitations, follies, and hopelessly optimistic endeavors
4) tradition is good because it represents the wisdom of the ages.

Question 47

Define philosophical pragmatism.

Answer 47

1) The Majority Opinion decides what should be done.

2) No set of principles governs politicians. Its whatever seems best at the moment.