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US History II Final > Chapter 29 - The Great Society and the Apogee of American Liberalism, (1961-1969) > Flashcards

Chapter 29 - The Great Society and the Apogee of American Liberalism, (1961-1969) Flashcards

1
Q

What did LBJ want to create in America?

A

A Great Society.

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2
Q

How ambitious was the Great Society?

A

The most of all major reform eras,

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3
Q

Who followed the Presidency of Dwight Eisenhower?

A

John F. Kennedy

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4
Q

When the issue of social welfare appeared in the Kennedy administration, what questions were asked?

A

Not if the government would do something, but how.

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5
Q

Why did Americans want bigger government in the 1960s?

A

People still trusted government to do what is right.

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6
Q

What did Kennedy call his domestic program?

A

The New Frontier.

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7
Q

How successful was JFK’s New Frontier Program?

A

Largely unsuccessful. He was inept at working with Congress.

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8
Q

Who followed Kennedy after his assassination in 1963?

A

Lyndon B. Johnson

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9
Q

Compare JFK to LBJ.

A

Kennedy Johnson

1) Young, Handsome 1) Old and Homely
2) Eastern Favorite 2) Texan
3) Suave 3) Boorish

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10
Q

What was LBJ a master at?

A

Pushing Legislation through Congress.

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11
Q

Why was LBJ good at getting bills passed?

A

His Congressional Experience.

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12
Q

By what margin did LBJ win re-election over Barry Goldwater?

A

61%. The Latest percent of the popular vote won by any president in U.S. History.

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13
Q

What four factors led to LBJ’s policy triumphs?

A

1) Knowledge of Congress
2) The Widespread Desire to Honor JFK by Passing These Proposals
3) Democrats held 2/3 majorities in the House and Senate
4) The Liberal/Reformist temperament of the decade.

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14
Q

What were the assumptions behind the Great Society movement?

A

1) Optimism that they could solve most social problems

2) Idealistic about the ability of Government and Humans to Make Things Better.

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15
Q

What are two important things to keep in mind about the timing of the Great Society?

A

1) Implemented During a Time of Great Prosperity so Finances Weren’t a Problem
2) Implemented During the Escalation of the Vietnam War.

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16
Q

What may be the most important domestic achievement in the Johnson Administration?

A

Signing Civil Rights Movement ideals into law.

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17
Q

What are some examples of Civil Rights legislation enacted by LBJ?

A

1) The Civil Rights Act of 1964 - Forbade Job Discrimination and Segregation of Public Accommodations
2) The Voting Rights Act of 1965 - Guaranteed black suffrage.
3) The Civil Rights Act of 1968 - Banned Housing Discrimination
4) The 24th Amendment - Banned a Poll Tax
5) Executive Order 11246 - No Discrimination allowed in the fulfillment of government work which includes work done by subcontracted private businesses.

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18
Q

By the end of 1970, how much did the Federal Government spend on Social welfare?

A

40% of total expenditures.

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19
Q

What Great Society Programs were a part of the War on Poverty?

A

1) Head Start
2) VISTA
3) the Job Corps
4) Upward bound
5) Federal Support for Job Training
6) A Significant Minimum Wage Increase
7) Work-Study Programs for College Students
8) Community Action Programs.

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20
Q

What Great Society Programs were a part of Social Welfare?

A

1) Medicare
2) Extension of Medicaid
3) Expansion of Social Security
4) Increased Funding for all levels of education
5) Federal Higher Education Act Loans
6) Increased Federal Assistance for Farmers
7) Federal Truth in Packaging Laws
8) Native American Indian Bill of Rights

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21
Q

What Great Society Programs dealt with Urban Life and Housing?

A

1) HUD and DOT created,
2) Omnibus Housing Act
3) National Housing Act
4) Model Cities Act
5) Federal Suport for High Speed Ground Transportation Initiatives
6) Urban Mass Transit Programs

22
Q

What Great Society Reforms Dealt With the Civil Rights Movement?

A

1) Civil Rights Act of 1964 & 1968
2) Voting Rights Act of 1965
3) 24th Amendment
4) Executive Order 11246

23
Q

What Great Society Reforms Dealt With Health?

A

1) Federal Financial Support for Heart Disease, Cancer, Stroke and Mental health research
2) Federal Money for Narcotics Rehabilitation Efforts
3) Programs/Funding to Promote Child Nutrition
4) Establish Automobile Safety Standards
5) Safety Standards for Auto Tires
6) Cigarette Warning Labels
7) Flammable Fabrics Act
8) Toxic Pesticide Controls
9) Traffic and Highway Safety Programs

24
Q

What Great Society Reforms Dealt With Law and Order?

A

1) Law Enforcement Assistance Act

2) National Crime Commission Created

25
Q

What Great Society Reforms Dealt With the Arts?

A

1) The National Endowment for the Arts
2) The National Endowment for the Humanities
3) Created the Corporation for Public Broadcasting (Later Created NPR)

26
Q

What Great Society Reforms Dealt With the Environment?

A

1) Anti-Air Pollution Laws
2) Anti-Water Pollution Laws
3) Wilderness Preservation Act
4) highway Beautification Act.

27
Q

Compare the number of domestic social programs at the start and end of Kennedy/LBJ’s Presidency.

A

10x as many at the end. (45-435)

28
Q

Compare Federal Social Spending (Minus Social Security) from 1960-1968.

A

Doubled

29
Q

What kind of movement was the Great Society?

A

A Top-Down Movement with government identifying and solving problems.

30
Q

What was the most controversial element of the Great Society Reforms?

A

The War on Poverty.

31
Q

What was the centerpiece of the War on Poverty?

A

The Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 which created the Office of Economic Opportunity to oversee local community based anti-poverty programs.

32
Q

How did the Johnson Administration attempt to have an element of fiscal conservatism in the War on Poverty?

A

By imposing requirements to make sure just the poor could get assistance.

33
Q

What are the Five reasons why American got the Great Society Reforms?

A

1) American Political Liberalism as an Ideology.
2) American Political Liberalism Seemed to be Successful
3) Twenty Years of Unbroken Economic Prosperity made Them Receptive to Reform Efforts
4) Twenty Five years of Backlogged Reform Legislation.
5) LBJ was the most skilled legislative president in U.S. History.

34
Q

Define American Political Liberalism.

A

1) Determination to Promote The American Dream
2) Optimism that Government can and should solve society’s most vexing problems
3) Confidence in Politicians and Political Solutions
4) Willingness to Pay Higher Taxes to Fund Social Welfare Programs
5) Economic Policy that is Somewhat Redistributive is Nature

35
Q

What were some of the successes of the Great Society?

A

1) Poverty Rate Went From 22.2% to 12.6%.
2) Number of People never Examined By a Physician went from 20% to 8%.
3) Number of People With Substandard Housing Went From 20% to 11%
4) Assault on Racial Discrimination.

36
Q

Why did the Great Society Fail Overall?

A

1) Worked From the Flawed Assumption That Intractable Social and Economic Problems Could Be Solved With A Government Program
2) LBJ Underestimated the Cost of Vietnam and Caused Major Financial Problems (High Inflation/Unemployment)
3) The Great Society Triggered Racial Backlash by Whites That Turned Them Against Liberalism.
4) The Great Society raised expectations to unrealistically high levels. (Promised too much and failed to deliver.)

37
Q

What is an example of White Backlash in polling numbers?

A

60% of lower middle class laborers cast their ballots for the Democratic Party in 1968 but in 1972 only 35% remained loyal to the Democrats.

38
Q

What are the two redefining periods in American Public law?

A

1) The Marshall Court

2) The Warren Court

39
Q

Describe the Warren Court.

A

American Liberalism merged with judicial activism.

40
Q

What is the root of the Vietnam conflict?

A

The French refusing to relinquish control over their former colony.

41
Q

What happened when the French lost the resulting war after WWII?

A

The country of Vietnam was split into North and South to allow the French to leave.

42
Q

Why did the U.S. back France?

A

because it needed France in Western Europe and containing communism there.

43
Q

How much did the U.S. back France in Vietnam?

A

By 1954, the U.S. was paying 80% of the war costs.

44
Q

Was Ho Chi Minh a communist?

A

There is some evidence but it is not 100% conclusive.

45
Q

Describe South Vietnam under U.S. support.

A

1) Economically Terrible
2) Politically Corrupt and Inept
3) Highly unstable.

46
Q

Who sent the first troops into Vietnam?

A

Kennedy.

47
Q

What occurs during the early Vietnam War period in regards to combat?

A

Minor in nature. Viet Cong forces routinely beat the inept ARVN.

48
Q

What gave LBJ the power to wage war in Vietnam?

A

The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution.

49
Q

How did the U.S. begin to send forces into Vietnam?

A

Gradually in order to avoid a repeat of Korea.

50
Q

Why was 1968 the turning point in the Vietnam War?

A

1) More people opposed the war than supported it for the first time.
2) The NVA/Viet Song launched a series of highly successful attacks in the Ten Offensive.
3) Domestic Chaos With the Assassination of MLK, Robert Kennedy, and the Police Violence at the DNC in Chicago.

US History II Final (5 decks)

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