Chapter 31 - Chemical Bonding Flashcards
Why is water H2O and methane CH4?
Water: A molecule of water consists of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms.
Methane: A molecule of methane consists of one carbon and four hydrogen atoms.
What is a chemical bond?
Chemical bonds are forces of attraction that hold together the atoms in a molecule.
What is the Octet Rule?
When bonding occurs, atoms try to have eight electrons in the outer orbit. Elements that have eight electrons in their outer orbit are very unreactive.
What is a Covalent Bond?
A covalent bond is a bond that consists of shared electrons e.g. Hydrogen
What is a single bond?
A single bond is formed when one pair of electrons is shared e.g. H2
What is a double bond?
A double bond is formed when two pairs of electrons are shared e.g. O2
List three properties of covalent compounds.
- Do not conduct electricity
- Usually consists of individual molecules
- Usually low melting points
What is an ion?
An ion is a charged atom or group of atoms.
What is an ionic bond?
An ionic bond is the force of attraction between positive and negative ions in a compound.
List three properties of ionic compounds.
- Consist of positive and negative ions
- Usually high melting and boiling points
- Conduct electricity when melted or dissolved in water
What do ionic compounds consist of?
Ions
What do covalent compounds consist of?
Individual molecules
When are covalent bonds formed?
When electrons are SHARED between atoms.
What is a Molecule?
A molecule is a group of atoms joined together. It is the smallest particle of an element or compound that can exist independently.
