Chapter 30 Plant Diversity II Flashcards
Integument
Layer of sporophyte tissue that contributes to the structure of an ovule of a seed plant.
Seed
An adaptation of some terrestrial plants consisting of an embryo packages along with a store of food within a protective coat.
Ovule
A structure that develops within the ovary of a seed plant and contains the female gametophyte.
Pollen Grain
In seed plants, a structure consisting of the male gametophyte enclosed within a pollen wall.
Pollination
The transfer of pollen to the part of a seed plant containing the ovules, a process required for fertilization.
Conifer
A member of the largest gymnosperm phylum. Most conifers are cone-bearing trees, such as pines and firs.
Flower
In an angiosperm, a specialized shoot with up to four sets of modified leaves, bearing structures that function in sexual reproduction.
Sepal
A modified lead in angiosperms that helps enclose and protect a flower bud before it opens.
Petal
A modified leaf of a flowering plant. Petals are the often colorful parts of a flower that advertise it to insects and other pollinators.
Stamen
The pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of an anther and a filament.
Filament
In an angiosperm, the stalk portion of the stamen, the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower.
Anther
In an angiosperm, the terminal pollen sac of a stamen, where pollen grains containing sperm-producing male gametophytes form.
Carpel
The ovule-producing reproductive organ of a flower, consisting of the stigma, style, and ovary.
Stigma
plural -> stigmata
The sticky part of a flower’s carpel, which receives pollen grains.
Style
The stalk of a flower’s carpel, with the ovary at the base and the stigma at the top.
Ovary
In flowers, the portion of a carpel in which the egg-containing ovules develop
Complete Flower
A flower that has all four basic floral organs; sepals petals, stamens, and carpels.
Incomplete Flower
A flower in which one or more of the four floral organs (sepals, petals, stamens, or carpels) are either absent or nonfunctional.
Fruit
A mature ovary of a flower. The fruit protects dormant seeds and often functions in their dispersal.
Embryo Sac
The female gametophyte of angiosperms, formed from the growth and division of the megaspore into a multicellular structure that typically has eight haploid nuclei.
Cross-pollination
In angiosperms, the transfer of pollen from an anther of a flower on one plant to the stigma of a flower on another plant of the same species.
Microphyll
In lycophytes, a small leaf with a single unbranched vein.
Double Fertilization
A mechanism of fertilization in angiosperms in which two sperm cells unite with two cells in the female gametophyte (embryo sac) to form the zygote and endosperm.
Cotyledon
A seed leaf of an angiosperm embryo. Some species have one cotyledon, others two.
