Chapter 29 Plant Diversity I

Question 0

Alternation of Generations

Answer 0

A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form, the sporophyte, and a multicellular haploid form, the gametophyte; characteristic of plants and some algae.

Question 1

Sporopollenin

Answer 1

A durable polymer that covers exposed zygotes of charophyte algae and forms the walls of plant spores, preventing them from drying out.

Question 2

Gametophyte

Answer 2

In organisms (plants and some algae) that have alternation of generations, the multicellular haploid form that produces haploid gametes by mitosis. the haploid gametes unite and develop into sporophytes.

Question 3

Sporophyte

Answer 3

In organisms (plants and some algae) that have alternation of generations, the multicellular diploid form the results from the union of gametes. The sporophyte produces haploid spores by meiosis that develop into gametophytes.

Question 4

Spore

Answer 4

In the life cycle of a plant or alga undergoing alternation of generations, a haploid cell produced in the sporophyte by meiosis. A spore can divide by mitosis to develop into a multicellular haploid individual, the gametophyte, without fusing with another cell.

Question 5

Embryophyte

Answer 5

Alternate name for land plants that refers to their shared derived trait of multicellular, dependent embryos.

Question 6

Sporangium

plural -> sporangia

Answer 6

A multicellular organ in fungi and plants in which meiosis occurs and haploid cells develop.

Question 7

Sporocytes

Answer 7

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Question 8

Gametangium

plural -> gametangia

Answer 8

Multicellular plant structure in which gametes are formed. Female gametangia are called archegonia, and male gametangia are call antheridia.

Question 9

Archegonium

plural -> archegonia

Answer 9

In plants, the female gametangium, a moist chamber in which gametes develop.

Question 10

Antheridium

plural -> antheridia

Answer 10

In plants, the male gametangium, a moist chamber in which gametes develop.

Question 11

Apical Meristem

Answer 11

Embryonic plant tissue in the tips of roots and buds of shoots. The dividing cells of an apical meristem enable the plant to grow in length.

Question 12

Cuticle

Answer 12

A waxy covering on the surface of stems and leaves that prevents desiccation in terrestrial plants.

Question 13

Stoma

plural -> stomata

Answer 13

A microscopic pore surrounded by guard cells in the epidermis of leaves and stems that allows gas exchange between the environment and the interior of the plant.

Question 14

Vascular Tissue

Answer 14

Plant tissue consisting of cells joined into tubes that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant body.

Question 15

Vascular Plant

Answer 15

A plant with vascular tissue. Vascular plants include all living plant species except liverworts, mosses, and hornworts.

Question 16

Bryophyte

Answer 16

An informal name for a moss, liverwort, or hornwort; a nonvascular plant that lives on land but lacks some of the terrestrial adaptations of vascular plants.

Question 17

Lycophyte

Answer 17

An informal name for a member of the phylum Lycophyta, which includes club mosses, spike mosses, and quillworts.

Question 18

Monilophyte

Answer 18

An informal name for a member of the phylum Monilophyta, which includes ferns, horsetails, and whisk ferns and their relatives.

Question 19

Seedless Vascular Plants

Answer 19

An informal name for a plant that has vascular plants form a paraphyletic group that includes the phyla Lycophyta (club mosses and their relatives) and Monilophyta (ferns and their relatives).

Question 20

Seed

Answer 20

An adaptation of some terrestrial plants consisting of an embryo packaged along with a store of food within a protective coat.

Question 21

Gymnosperm

Answer 21

A vascular plant that bears naked seeds(seeds not enclosed in protective chambers).

Question 22

Angiosperm

Answer 22

A flowering plant, which forms seeds inside a protective chamber called an ovary.

Question 23

Liverwort

Answer 23

A small, herbaceous, nonvascular plant that is a member of the phylum Hepatophyta.

Question 24

Moss

Answer 24

A small, herbaceous, nonvascular plant that is a member of the phylum Bryophyta.

Question 25

Hornwort

Answer 25

A small, herbaceous, nonvascular plant that is a member of the phylum Anthocerophyta.

Question 26

Protonema

plural -> protonemata

Answer 26

A mass of green, branched, one-cell-thick filaments produced by germinating moss spores.

Question 27

Gametophore

Answer 27

The mature gamete-producing structure of a moss gametophyte.

Question 28

Rhizoid

Answer 28

A long, tubular single cell or filament of cells that anchors bryophytes to the ground. Unlike roots, rhizoids are not composed of tissues, lack specialized conducting cells, and do not play a primary role in water and mineral absorption.

Question 29

Foot

Answer 29

The portion of a bryophyte sporophyte that gather sugars, amino acids, water, and minerals from the parent gametophyte via transfer cells.

Question 30

Seta

plural -> setae

Answer 30

The elongated stalk of a bryophyte sporophyte.

Question 31

Capsule

Answer 31

The sporangium of a bryophyte (moss, liverwort, or hornwort).

Question 32

Peristome

Answer 32

A ring of interlocking, tooth-like structures on the upper part of a moss capsule (sporangium), often specialized for gradual spore discharge.

Question 33

Xylem

Answer 33

Vascular plant tissue consisting mainly of tubular dead cells that conduct most of the water and minerals upward from the roots to the rest of the plant.

Question 34

Tracheid

Answer 34

A long, tapered water-conducting cell found in the xylem of nearly all vascular plants. Functioning tracheids are no longer living.

Question 35

Lignin

Answer 35

A strong polymer embedded in the cellulose matrix of the secondary cell walls of vascular plants that provides structural support in terrestrial species.

Question 36

Phloem

Answer 36

Vascular plant tissue consisting of living cells arranged into elongated tubes that transport sugar and other organic nutrients throughout the plant.

Question 37

Root

Answer 37

An organ in vascular plants that anchors the plant and enables it to absorb water and minerals from the soil.

Question 38

Leaf

Answer 38

The main photosynthetic organ of vascular plants.

Question 39

Microphyll

Answer 39

In lycophytes, a small leaf with a single unbranched vein.

Question 40

Megaphyll

Answer 40

A leaf with a highly branched vascular system, characteristic of the vast majority of vascular plants.

Question 41

Sporophyll

Answer 41

A modified lead the bears sporangia and hence is specialized for reproduction.

Question 42

Sorus

plural -> sori

Answer 42

A cluster of sporangia on a fern sporophyll. Sori may be arranged in various patterns, such as parallel lines or dots, which are useful in fern identification.

Question 43

Strobilus

plural -> strobili

Answer 43

The technical term for a cluster of sporophylls known commonly as a cone, found in most gymnosperms and seedless vascular plants.

Question 44

Homosporous

Answer 44

Referring to a plant species that has a single kind of spore, which typically develops into a bisexual gametophyte.

Question 45

Heterosporous

Answer 45

Referring to a plant species that has two kinds of spores: microspores, which develop into male gametophytes, and megaspores, which develop into female gametophytes.

Question 46

Megaspores

Answer 46

A spore from a heterosporous plant species that develops into a female gametophyte.

Question 47

Microspore

Answer 47

A spore from a heterosporous plant species that develops into a male gametophyte.