Chapter 30: Alterations of Leukocyte, Lymphoid Function Flashcards
What change is observed in leukocytes during an allergic disorder (type I hypersensitivity)
often caused by asthma, hay fever, and drug reactions?
a. Neutrophilia
c. Eosinophilia
b. Basophilia
d. Monocytosis
ANS: C
Eosinophilia is an absolute increase (more than 450/µL) in the total numbers of circulating
eosinophils. Allergic disorders (type I hypersensitivity) associated with asthma, hay fever,
and drug reactions, as well as parasitic infections (particularly with metazoal parasites),
are often cited as causes. This change is not identified by any of other options.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 1010-1011
In infectious mononucleosis (IM), what does the Monospot test detect?
a. Immunoglobulin E (IgE)
c. Immunoglobulin G (IgG)
b. Immunoglobulin M (IgM)
d. Immunoglobulin A (IgA)
ANS: B
Heterophile antibodies are a heterogeneous group of IgM antibodies that are agglutinins
against nonhuman red blood cells (e.g., sheep, horse) and are detected by qualitative
(monospot) or quantitative (heterophile antibody) test methods. This statement is not true
of the other options.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 1012-1013
Which description is consistent with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)?
a. ALL is a progressive neoplasm defined by the presence of greater than 30%
lymphoblasts in the bone marrow or blood.
b. Leukocytosis and a predominance of blast cells characterize the bone marrow and
peripheral blood. As the immature blasts increase, they replace normal myelocytic
cells, megakaryocytes, and erythrocytes.
c. B cells fail to mature into plasma cells that synthesize immunoglobulins.
d. The translocation of genetic material from genes 9 and 22 create an abnormal,
fused gene identified as BCR-ABL.
ANS: A
ALL is a progressive neoplasm defined by the presence of greater than 30% lymphoblasts
in the bone marrow or blood. None of the other options provide an accurate description of
ALL.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 101
Which description is consistent with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)?
a. Defects exist in the ras oncogene, TP53 tumor-suppressor gene, and INK4A, the
gene encoding a cell-cycle regulatory protein.
b. Leukocytosis and a predominance of blast cells characterize the bone marrow and peripheral blood. As the immature blasts increase, they replace normal myelocytic
cells, megakaryocytes, and erythrocytes.
c. B cells fail to mature into plasma cells that synthesize immunoglobulins.
d. The translocation of genetic material from genes 9 and 22 creates an abnormal,
fused protein identified as BCR-ABL1
ANS: D
The Philadelphia chromosome is present in more than 95% of those with CML, and the
presence of the BCR-ABL1 protein is responsible for the initiation of CML. The other
options do not accurately describe CML.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 1014-1015 | Page 1021
Which description is consistent with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)?
a. Defects exist in the ras oncogene, TP53 tumor-suppressor gene, and INK4A, the
gene encoding a cell-cycle regulatory protein.
b. Leukocytosis and a predominance of blast cells characterize the bone marrow and
peripheral blood. As the immature blasts increase, they replace normal myelocytic
cells, megakaryocytes, and erythrocytes.
c. B cells fail to mature into plasma cells that synthesize immunoglobulins.
d. The translocation of genetic material from genes 9 and 22 creates an abnormal,
fused protein identified as BCR-ABL.
ANS: C
CLL is derived from transformation of a partially mature B cell that has not yet
encountered antigen. The other options do not accurately describe CLL.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 1020-1021
Which electrolyte imbalance accompanies multiple myeloma (MM)?
a. Hyperkalemia
c. Hyperphosphatemia
b. Hypercalcemia
d. Hypernatremia
ANS: B
Elevated levels of calcium in the blood (hypercalcemia) characterize the common
presentation of MM. The other options do not accompany MM.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 1032
Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells represent malignant transformation and proliferation of which
of the following?
a. Interleukin (IL)–1, IL-2, IL-5, and IL-6
b. Tumor necrosis factor–beta
c. B cells
d. T cells
ANS: C
Although the molecular events that cause malignant transformation remain controversial,
RS cells are apparently from B-cell lineage. The other options are not relevant to this
process.
Local signs and symptoms of Hodgkin disease–related lymphadenopathy are a result of
which of the following?
a. Pressure and ischemia
c. Inflammation and ischemia
b. Pressure and obstruction d. Inflammation and pressure
ANS: B
Local symptoms caused by pressure and obstruction of the lymph nodes are the result of
lymphadenopathy. The other options do not contribute to the lymphadenopathy associated
with Hodgkin disease.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 1025
Which virus is associated with Burkitt lymphoma in African children?
a. Cytomegalovirus
c. Human papillomavirus
b. Adenovirus
d. Epstein-Barr virus
ANS: D
Epstein-Barr virus, found in nasopharyngeal secretions, is associated with Burkitt
lymphoma in African children. The other options are not associated with this malignancy.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 1029
Which term is used to describe a red-purple discoloration caused by diffuse hemorrhage into the skin tissue? a. Petechiae c. Ecchymosis b. Hematoma d. Purpura
ANS: D
Diffuse hemorrhage into skin tissues that is visible through the skin causes a red-purple
discoloration identified as a purpura. None of the other options are used to identify this
symptom.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 1037
Which statement best describes heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)?
a. Immunoglobulin G immune–mediated adverse drug reaction that reduces
circulating platelets
b. Hematologic reaction to heparin in which the bone marrow is unable to produce
sufficient platelets to meet the body’s needs
c. Immunoglobulin E–mediated allergic drug reaction that reduces circulating
platelets
d. Cell-mediated drug reaction in which macrophages process the heparin and platelet
complexes that are then destroyed by activated cytotoxic T cells.
ANS: A
Heparin is a common cause of drug-induced thrombocytopenia. HIT is an
immune-mediated, adverse drug reaction caused by immunoglobulin G antibodies that
leads to increased platelet consumption and a decrease in platelet counts. None of the other
options accurately describe HIT.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 1038
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a(n) \_\_\_\_\_ condition in adults and a(n) \_\_\_\_\_ condition in children. a. Acute; acute c. Acute; chronic b. Chronic; chronic d. Chronic; acute
ANS: D
ITP may be acute or chronic. The acute form is frequently observed in children. Chronic
ITP is more commonly observed in adults, with the highest prevalence in women between
20 and 40 years of age.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 1038-1039
Vitamin _____ is required for normal clotting factor synthesis by the _____.
a. K; kidneys
c. K; liver
b. D; kidneys
d. D; liver
ANS: C
Vitamin K, a fat-soluble vitamin, is necessary for the synthesis and regulation of
prothrombin, procoagulant factors (VII, IX, X), and anticoagulant regulators (proteins C
and S) in the liver.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 1042-1043
What is the most common cause of vitamin K deficiency?
a. Administration of warfarin (Coumadin)
b. Total parenteral nutrition with antibiotic therapy
c. An immunoglobulin G–mediated autoimmune disorder
d. Liver failure
ANS: B
The most common cause of vitamin K deficiency is parenteral nutrition in combination
with broad-spectrum antibiotics that destroy normal gut flora. None of the other options
are commonly associated with vitamin K deficiency.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 1043
Which disorder is described as an unregulated release of thrombin with subsequent fibrin
formation and accelerated fibrinolysis?
a. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
b. Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
c. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
d. Essential thrombocythemia (ET)
ANS: A
DIC is an acquired clinical syndrome characterized by widespread activation of
coagulation resulting in the formation of fibrin clots in medium and small vessels
throughout the body. This description does not accurately identify any of the other options.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 1043