Chapter 3 Vocab

Question 1

Alkali burn

Answer 1

Blemish that occurs when alkalinity of fresh cement, concrete, or plaster causes the breakdown of a paint’s binder, causing the paint to deteriorate

Question 2

Alkyd

Answer 2

A synthetic resin used in oil-based paints

Question 3

Alligatoring

Answer 3

A pattern of small surface cracks or checking that may result from incompatibility of paint and base coat. This also refers to a decorative effect imitating this kind of damaged surface

Question 4

Biocide

Answer 4

Additive that tries to kill anything that wants to live on a surface (bacteria, mold, etc.)

Question 5

Bleed

Answer 5

Pigment spreading beyond the design outline or one color overlapping another

Question 6

Bleeding

Answer 6

The migration of color from the substrate, coursing discoloration of the paint. Wood resins and inks are often the source of color migrating into the paint from below

Question 7

Block fillers

Answer 7

A thick, saintlike material used to smooth out very tough masonry surfaces like cinder block. It is generally brush applied and then painted

Question 8

Blooming

Answer 8

Hazy or raggedy pattern in a wallcovering because of formula incompatibility of the inks and the coating

Question 9

Chalking

Answer 9

When paint deteriorates, it will sometimes release a white, powdery substance into its surface. This action is called chalking, it is sometimes desired on white exterior paint because the chalking will rinse away in the rain, talking dirt with it

Question 10

Checking

Answer 10

(1) Small cracks in paint film usually caused when the paint dries out over time and loses its elasticity
(2) A split in solid wood along the direction of the grain, caused by the drying of the wood

Question 11

Commercial/contract wallcovering

Answer 11

Wallcovering suitable for high-traffic areas normal available in 48- or 54- inch widths

Question 12

Companion/correlated wallcovering

Answer 12

A set of wallcoverings designed and colored to be used together in the same or adjoining areas

Question 13

Crocking

Answer 13

Coloring that rubs off and smears

Question 14

Embossed

Answer 14

A raised effect created by impressing a design into wallcovering using either pressure or heat

Question 15

Epoxy coatings

Answer 15

Highly durable two-part coating system in which the two parts are mixed together just before applying. They will cure only after they have been mixed but then must be applied before they harden. Epoxy coatings for floors are often mixed with colored epoxy chips, but these chips are decorative and contribute little to the performance of the floor coating except perhaps for some slip resistance

Question 16

Faux finish

Answer 16

Faux is a French word that means fake. These finishes are created by special painters who use translucent glazes to visually imitate other materials, creating surfaces that are faux bois (fake wood), faux marble (fake marble), faux tortoise (fake tortoiseshell), and other imitations along with tromp l’ceil (“fool the eye”) murals that look like landscapes or other compositions that may also include faux materials in the rendering

Question 17

Feathered

Answer 17

An area blended into its surroundings

Question 18

Flash

Answer 18

Uneven glass, visual texture, or color resulting from an unsealed substrate or failure to maintain recommended temperature during dry time

Question 19

Flocking

Answer 19

Finely chopped fibers are sprinkled over, and adhere to, a pattern printed in varnish or other sticky material, creating a plush surface pattern

Question 20

Foil

Answer 20

Category of wallcovering that has a thin layer of metal foil adhered to a paper backing. Foil is less common since the development of Mylar wallcovering. It requires a substrate that is in good condition because the reflectivity of foil will highlight every imperfection in the wall surface

Question 21

Glaze

Answer 21

A special paint that has lower pigment solids per binder volume, so it produces a translucent coating. Glazes are typically built up in layers so that their translucency can be exploited to imitate other materials, such as stone, tortoiseshell, or other faux finish surfaces

Question 22

Grain raising

Answer 22

The uneven swelling of summer and winter growth of wood caused by absorption of a liquid that makes the wood grain more prominent. Water is very good as causing this effect

Question 23

Ground

Answer 23

Raw stock onto which a coat of pigment has been applied before the top colors are put on a wallcovering manufacturing

Question 24

Laminated

Answer 24

Thin layers of materials bonded together with adhesive, heat, and pressure. These layers may be the same materials as is the case of plywood, where layers of softwood are glues together. Different materials can also be laminated together, as in the case of veneered surfaces where thin layers of wood are glued to others like particleboard

Question 25

Lap

Answer 25

Area where one stroke of the brush or roller overlaps other fresh paint just applied. The painter's objective is to make this juncture without visible lap marks by always working against a wet edge. When wet paint meets dry paint, the overlapping areas will be visible

Question 26

Mylar

Answer 26

A highly reflective plastic that imitates metallic walllcovering but is more stake that metals that could oxidize

Question 27

Prepasted

Answer 27

Wallcovering with adhesive applied to the back o it by the manufacturer. Dipping a strip in water before hanging activates the adhesive

Question 28

Pretrimmed

Answer 28

Rolls of wallcovering tried at the factory to remove the selvage

Question 29

Register

Answer 29

The alignment of successive screens required to complete a multicolored pattern. If the colors in the pattern are not perfectly aligned, the pattern is described as out of register

Question 30

Repeat

Answer 30

The distance from the center of one motif or pattern to the center of the next

Question 31

Sags

Answer 31

Wide drips or runs when paint flows down, collecting in a raised ridge before drying. If the paint is put on too thickly, it will sag before it dries

Question 32

Selvage

Answer 32

Also spelled selvedge; side edges of a roll of wallcovering carrying no design, intended to protect the design. The thin compressed edge of a woven fabric that runs parallel to the warp yarns and prevents traveling at the sides. It is usually woven, with a tighter construction that the rest of the fabric

Question 33

Shellac

Answer 33

A sealer for sealing knots in woodwork so the resins don't migrate into the paint

Question 34

Sizing

Answer 34

A liquid compound that prevents the surface of the wall from soaking up too much glue or paint

Question 35

Stock

Answer 35

A pattern that is part of a manufactured line. Or in-stock, which means it is the inventory on hand

Question 36

Striaé

Answer 36

Paint technique in which a base color is painted over with a glaze, and before the glaze can set up, it is dragged off the surface with a dry brush, creating fine, parallel lines

Question 37

Substrate

Answer 37

The surface underneath a material that holds and supports it

Question 38

Water-modified alkyd

Answer 38

Sustainable alkyd paint that used plant-based oils instead of petroleum