chapter 3 vocab Flashcards
blunt ends
a cut of dna with no unpaired nucleotides
gel electrophoresis
a technique that separates fragments of DNA based on size
recognition/restriction site
the specific sequence of nucleotides that a restriction enzyme will cut
digestion
an enzyme breaking down larger molecules eg dna
palindrome
a sequence (of DNA) reading the same from 5’ to 3’ both ends
restriction enzyme
restriction endonuclease - a protein that cuts DNA of attacking bacteriophiles
dna ligase
an enzyme that reforms phosphodiester bonds and ‘glues’ the sugar and phosphate backbone
polymerase chain reaction
a technique used to amplify (copy) a section of dna
sticky ends
a cut in dna with unpaired nucleotides
dna standard
the control of gel electrophoresis
primer
synthetic single sided DNA strand complementary to the start of the target sequence
ligation
the formation of phosphodiester bonds between sugar and phosphate backbone
annealing
two sticky ends bases repairing
pam site
the location of bacteriophage DNA that a cas9 will cut
bacterophage
a virus that inserts its DNA into bacteria
guide RNA
the rNA of spacers, which is complementary to the bit near the pam site of a bacteriophage
spacer
between short palindromic repeats - a segment of virus DNA adjacent to the PAM site (the protospacer)
short palindromic repeats
the bit that goes between the spacersc
cas 1 and 2
cut a virus after the pam site and insert this into the CRISPR region of a bacteria’s dna. now it will recognise this after!
CRISPR
clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats
genome editing
insertion, removal or replacement of dna within the genome of a living cell
cas9
a dna cutting enzyme coded for by guide rna
