Chapter 3 - Victimology Flashcards
How have crime changes since the ’90s?
It has decreased
Which crime is most committed?
Property crime
According to the 2017 NCVS, who is the individual most likely to be victimized?
young black unmarried male
What occupations are most at risk of workplace victimization?
security guards, police officers, and correction officers
What is the victim precipitation theory?
a theory in victimology that examines how violent victimization may have been precipitated by the victim by he or she acting in certain provocative ways
What is VORPs?
bringing together of victim and offender in face-to-face meetings mediated by a person trained in meditation theory and practice
(violent offender remediation practice)
What are the predictors of girls’ sexual abuse victimization (according to Finkelhor)?
-living with a stepfather or mother’s live-in boyfriend
-living without a biological mother
-not close to mother
-mother never finished high school
-sex-punitive mother
-no physical affection
-family income under 10,000
-two friends or fewer
What period did violent crimes rise, and when did they peak?
70s-80s; 90s
How many crimes aren’t reported to the police? How many end up in an arrest?
50%; Less than 50%
What percent of arrests are juveniles?
35%
What percent of people go to trial?
7%
What fraction of people who plead guilty or are found guilty incarcerated?
2/3
What 4 characteristics make an offenders?
Some who..
-Commits an illegal act
-Attempts to commit an illegal act
-Conspires to commit an illegal act
-Allows an illegal act to take place
What are the main correlates of crime?
Sex, age, race, socioeconomic status, geographic location
What is a correlate?
A variable that is related to an outcome of interest
What is the strongest correlate of crime?
Sex
Most crime is committed between what ages?
16-24
What race is disproportionately involved in crime? What race is least involved in crime?
African Americans; Asian Americans
How does socioeconomics relate to crime?
-Crime and poverty are often related to one another
-offenders tend to have lower education levels
-offenders are often unemployed/low income levels
What states have the highest and lowest crime rates?
-highest: Alaska
-lowest: Maine
Which areas have the highest crimes?
Southern and Western parts of the US; Urban areas
What are primary and secondary victims?
-primary: experienced crime firsthand
-secondary: those who suffer from a crime financially or emotionally but didn’t experience the crime firsthand
What is entailed in the victim-offender overlap venn diagram?
-Some individuals are involved in crime both as victims and offenders
-Crimes such as gang crimes make it hard to tell who’s the offender/victim
What percent of college women who are sexually assaulted know their assailant?
85-90%
What was the ruling of Payne v. Tennessee?
Supreme Court rules that victim impact statements are relevant during sentencing hearings and don’t violate the victim’s 8th Amendment
What does the Crime Victims Fund do?
Supports programs and services for victims of crime across the US in the federal system
What 8 points are in the Crime Victim’s Rights Acts (2004)
-Right to be reasonably protected from the accused
-Right to reasonable, accurate, and timely notice
-Right not to be excluded from any such public court proceeding
-Right to be reasonably heard
-Right to confer with the attorney for the Government
-Right to full and timely restitution as provided in law
-Right to proceedings free from unreasonable delay
-Right to be treated with fairness and with respect for the victim’s dignity and privacy
What are some costs and consequences for victims?
Health related costs, direct financial cost, intangible costs, criminal justice costs
