Chapter 3 - Utility Pruning Flashcards
a product or service provided by a utility company, such as electricity, telecommunications, or natural gas
Utility service
the sum of all woody and associated vegetation in and around dense human settlements, from small communities to metropolitan regions, including street, residential, and park trees, greenbelt vegetation, trees on unused public and private land, trees in transportation and utility corridors, and forests on watershed lands.
Urban forest
infrastructure used to provide utility services, such as poles, wires, transformers, switches, etc.
Utility facilities
the population of trees that could now or in the future interfere with the operation of utility facilities
Utility forest
maintenance operations scheduled to take place in advance of failure or other problems (contrast with reactive maintenance)
Preventive maintenance
defined area of land, usually a linear strip, reserved for the passage of traffic (e.g., paths and roadways) or the construction, maintenance, and operation of various aboveground or underground utilities. May be granted by easement rights and may cross a single property or many properties (highways, railroads, or utility corridors are common examples).
Right-of-way (ROW)
legal, non-possessory interest in real property that conveys use or partial use, but not ownership, of all, or more typically a portion, of an owner’s property
Easement
process used to achieve the desired long-term form of plant
Pruning system
process of branch removal in which the pruning cuts are made at nodes and in relation to the positions of the branch collar and branch bark ridge
Natural pruning
specialty pruning technique in which a tree with a large-maturing form is kept relatively short. Starting on a young tree, internodal cuts are made at a chosen height, resulting in sprouts. Requires regular (usually annual) removal of the sprouts arising from the same cuts. Callus knobs develop at the cut height from repeated pruning.
Pollarding
pruning system that uses a combination of pruning, supporting, and training branches to orient a plant into a desired shape.
Topiary
(1) cutting leaves, shoots, and branches to a desired plane, shape, or form, using tools designed for that purpose, as with topiary
(2) whole tree removal with devices mounted on excavators or other heavy equipment
Shearing
discredited pruning technique whereby trees are severely reduced to a predetermined shape using heading cuts
Roundover
reducing tree size by cutting live branches and leaders to stubs, without regard to long-term tree health or structural integrity
Topping
pruning cut that removes the smaller of two branches at a union or a parent stem, without cutting into the branch bark ridge or branch collar, or leaving a stub
Branch removal cut
raised strip of bark at the top of a branch union, where the growth and expansion of the trunk or parent stem and adjoining branch push the bark into a ridge
Branch bark ridge
area where a subdominant branch joins another branch or trunk that is created by the overlapping vascular tissues from both the branch and the trunk. Typically enlarged at the base of the branch.
Branch collar
pruning cut that removes the larger of two or more branches or stems, or one or more codominant stem(s), to a live lateral branch, typically at least one-third the diameter of the stem or branch being removed.
Reduction cut
forked branches nearly the same size in diameter, arising from a common junction; may have included bark.
Codominant stem
cutting a shoot or branch back to a bud, stub, or small lateral branch. Cutting an older branch or stem back to a stub in order to meet a structural objective.
Heading cut