Chapter 2 - Program And Personnel Management Flashcards
In project management, analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.
SWOT
Document stating a detailed, measurable plan or proposal for provision of a product or service.
Specifications
Maintenance operations scheduled to take place in advance of failure or other problems (contrast with reactive maintenance).
Preventive maintenance
Maintenance operations that take place after a problem has occurred (contrast with preventive maintenance).
Reactive maintenance
Type of preventive maintenance performed continuously or at intervals, using field data to diagnose and monitor a condition or system.
Predictive maintenance
Process where trees growing significantly faster than most other trees are pruned at approximately half the scheduled maintenance cycle length, enabling a longer interval for slower-growing trees.
Mid-cycle pruning
Process by which limited tree work is scheduled on a specific area of the network where shorts or outages are occurring.
Hotspotting
Completing all necessary line clearance on a feeder or circuit basis.
Circuit work
Distribution cycle work performed within a specific geographic boundary.
Grid work
in project management, a concept showing the interrelation of the resources of time, cost, and scope, often depicted in a constraint triangle.
Triple constraint
depiction of the concept of triple constraint in project management, consisting of time, cost, and scope.
Constraint triangle
project management stratification of the entire scope of work needed to accomplish a project’s objectives.
Work breakdown structure
in project management, the longest period of time a series of tasks requires from project beginning to end.
Critical path
relationships that dictate when tasks in the work breakdown structure begin and end
Dependencies
layered mapping application consisting of a base map and overlays, containing features and information that can be viewed singularly or in combination
Geographic information system (GIS)
means to justify the allocation of resources, set priorities, and make decisions regarding what can and cannot be accomplished
Budget
accounting configuration for expenditures that do not generate income
Cost centers
accounting configuration where expenditures are sources of revenue. Can be a product or service, a region, a distribution channel, or other consideration.
Profit center
monetary outlay for relatively large sums of money invested over multiple years
Capital budget
budgets that finance day-to-day activities, including salaries, rent, utilities, and supplies
Operating and maintenance budgets
a proposal or plan that outlines project expenditures, outputs, and alternatives, which receive funding in order of priority
Decision package
a legally enforceable agreement between two or more parties. Includes five basic elements: offer, acceptance, consideration, legal and possible objective, and competent parties.
Contract
contract without a set expiration date
Evergreen contract
method of providing a service in which all costs–including labor, equipment, supplies, overheads, and operating profit–are passed on to the contracting agency, usually on an hourly basis
Time and material (T&M) contract
results-oriented method of providing a service that focuses on the outputs, quality, or outcomes, including the achievement of specific, measurable performance standards and requirements. These contracts may include both monetary and non-monetary incentives and disincentives.
Performance-based contract
method of providing a service or product where an agreed-upon amount is paid for each designated amount, or unit, of work completed. In vegetation management, units can be trees, portions of trees, miles of line, spans, or others as agreed by all parties involved.
Unit price contract
contractual strategy where vendors submit a single price for a set amount of work (e.g., project or the entire account for a specified period of time).
Lump sum (also called fixed-price) contract
GPS-based system capable of providing vehicle location and other data in real time, as well as movement history
Vehicle Monitoring System (VMS)
contractual target against which a contractor is evaluated. It can include unit price components (e.g., cost per tree, acre, or mile), as well as elements, such as work quality, customer satisfaction, reliability, safety, certifications, or other factors.
Key performance indicator (KPI)
in project management, a means of setting and evaluating goals using the elements of the acronym: specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, timely
SMART goals
employee evaluation
Performance appraisal
organization of employees that collectively negotiates wages, benefits, working conditions, and other matters
Labor union
Communication between vegetation managers, contractors, supervisors, and workers should be both __________ and __________.
written
verbal
Long-term planning is __________, while short-term planning is __________.
strategic
tactical
__________ are documents that describe, instruct, and direct work results.
Specifications
Research has shown that trees are more likely to cause outages on _____-phase lines than on _____-phase lines.
three
single
A results-based strategy designed to target trees as close as possible to the time that they interfere with facilities is known as __________ management.
just-in-time
A __________ structure is a prioritized outline of job components that must be completed for a successful project outcome.
work breakdown
For most utilities, vegetation management departments are considered __________ that do not generate income.
cost centers
Purchases of equipment or line construction are considered __________ expenses, whereas supply purchases or salaries are considered __________ expenses.
capital
operating
Time and material contracts, which are based on hourly rates for labor and equipment, are generally _____ risk for contractors and _____ risk for utilities.
low
high
__________ contracts are gaining popularity because the responsibility for productivity, work planning, and scheduling rests with the contractor.
Unit price
Depreciation can be either __________, in which costs are spread out over the lifetime of an item, or __________, in which the amount of depreciation taken is higher immediately after the purchase of an item.
straight-line
accelerated
All of the following are approaches to work planning, except
A) cycle-based
B) results-based
C) objective-based
D) crisis management
C) objective-based
SWOT analysis is a strategic planning tool and an acronym, meaning
A) Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats
B) Skill, Work, Objectives, Tactics
C) Scope, Wants, Observation, Talent
D) Safety, Weaknesses, Objectives, Targets
A) Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats
Relative to the cost of routine maintenance, reactive maintenance can cost
A) about the same
B) one and half times as much
C) twice as much
D) five times as much
D) five times as much
Which of the following is not a part of the constraint triangle?
A) time
B) skill
C) cost
D) scope
B) skill
With respect to personnel management, what is the most common reason that people leave jobs?
A) low pay
B) workload
C) relationships with coworkers
D) treatment from supervisors
D) treatment from supervisors
a budgeting strategy that stresses the goals and objectives of a program. It often involves mission statements and performance measures.
Performance budgeting
budgeting strategy in which line items are organized into programs, rather than accounts, with a focus on outcomes, rather than inputs. Examples of programs might be labor, chemicals, or individual projects.
Program budgeting
