Chapter 3 - Tissues Flashcards
List the four major tissue types in the body and give examples
Epithelial - eg; simple squamous Epithelium is the epidermis of the skin.
muscle - eg; skeletal muscle is attached to the bone.
Connective - eg; dense regular connective tissue make up your ligaments and tendons.
Nervous - eg; neurons that make up your brain and spinal cords.
Compare connective tissue proper, supporting connective tissue
and fluid connective tissue
proper connective tissue is split into loose connective tissue containing: areola, adipose and reticular connective tissue. and dense connective tissue containing; regular, irregular and elastic.
Supporting connective tissue is split into cartilage which contains; hyaline, fibrocartilage and elastic. and bone which contains; compact and spongey.
Fluid connective tissue is blood.
simple cuboidal epithelium structure, function and location
structure: single layer of cells as tall as they are wide; spherical and centrally located nucleus.
function: absorption and secretion.
location: thyroid gland follicles; kidney tubules; ducts and secretory regions of most glands; surface of ovary.
reticular connective tissue structure, function and location
Structure: ground substance is gel-like liquid; scattered arrangement of reticular fibres. fibroblasts and leukocytes.
Function: provides supportive framework for spleen, lymph nodes, thymus and bone marrow.
Location: forms stroma of spleen, lymph nodes, thymus, bone marrow.
simple squamous epithelium structure, function and location
Structure: single layer of thin flat and irregularly shaped cells resembling floor tiles; the single nucleus of each cell bulges at its centre.
Function: rapid diffusion, filtration, and some secretion in serous membranes.
Location: air sacs in lungs/ lining of heart chambers and lumen of blood vessels (endothelium), serous membranes of body (mesothelium).
Areolar connective tissue structure, function and location
Structure: abundant vascularised ground substance is gel-like; scattered fibroblasts; many blood vessels.
Function: surrounds and protects tissues and organs; loosely binds epithelia to deeper tissues; provides nerve and blood vessel packing.
Location: Papillary layer of dermis, subcutaneous layer under skin; surrounds organs.
Adipose connective tissue structure, function and location.
Structure: closely packed adipocytes (fat cells); nucleus squeezed to one side by large fat droplet
Function: stores energy; protects, cushions, and insulates
Location: subcutaneous layer; covers and surrounds some organs.
Noncilliated simple columnar epithelium structure, function and location
Structure: single layer of tall, narrow cells; oval-shaped nucleus in basal region of cell; nucleus orientated lengthwise in cell; apical regions of cells have microvilli; may contain goblet cells that secrete mucin.
Function: absorption and secretion; secretion of mucin.
Location: lining most of the digestive tract; lining of stomach does not contain goblet cells.
cilliated simple columnar epithelium structure, function and location
Structure: single layer of tall, narrow, cilliated cells; oval shaped nucleus orientated lengthwise in the basal region of the cell: goblet cells may be present
Function: secretion of mucin and movement of mucus along apical surface of epithelium by action of cilia; oocyte movement through uterine tube.
Location: lining of uterine tubes and larger bronchioles of respiratory tract.
Mucous membrane structure, function and location
Structure: connective tissue that line body passageways
Function: absorption, secretion and protection of passageways, lubrication to trap foreign materials.
Location: digestive, respiratory, reproductive and urinary tracts.
Serous membrane structure, function and location.
Structure: simple squamous epithelium; parietal and visceral serous layers
Function: produces serous fluid for lubrication.
Location: pleura, pericardium, peritoneum.
cutaneous membrane structure, function and location.
Structure: keratinised stratified squamous epithelium; connective tissue (dermis)
Function: protects body from the external environment and prevent water loss.
Location: skin; largest membrane in entire body.
synovial membrane structure, function and location.
Structure: composed of well-vascularised areolar, fibrous or adipose
connective tissue.
Function: secretes Synovial fluid - reduces joint friction & provides
nutrients to the joint surfaces
Location: joint lining
