Chapter 3 Tissues

Question 1

What are the four primary tissue types?

Answer 1

epithelium, connective, muscle, nervous

Question 2

Where is epithelial tissue found?

Answer 2

the lining, covering, and glandular tissue of the body

Question 3

What are the functions of epithelial tissue?

Answer 3

protection, absorption, filtration, secretion

Question 4

What are the primary characteristics of epithelial tissue?

Answer 4

form continuous sheets, no direct blood supply, regenerate easily

Question 5

What does ‘simple’ mean in regard to epithelial tissue?

Answer 5

one cell layer

Question 6

What does ‘stratified’ mean in regard to epithelial tissue?

Answer 6

more than one cell layer

Question 7

What does ‘squamous’ mean in regard to epithelial tissue?

Answer 7

flattened cells

Question 8

What does ‘columnar’ mean in regard to epithelial tissue?

Answer 8

shaped like columns (rectangular)

Question 9

What does ‘cuboidal’ mean in regard to epithelial cells?

Answer 9

cubed or dice-shaped

Question 10

What are the types of simple epithelium?

Answer 10

simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, pseudostratified

Question 11

Where is simple squamous found?

Answer 11

alveoli, capillaries, serous membranes; one layer of flat cells

Question 12

Where is simple cuboidal found?

Answer 12

glands and ducts, kidney tubules and surface of ovaries; single layer cube-shaped

Question 13

Where is simple columnar found?

Answer 13

lines digestive tract from stomach to anus; single layer of tall cells

Question 14

Where is pseudostratified (ciliated) epithelium found?

Answer 14

lines respiratory tract; appear at different heights above basement membrane

Question 15

What are the types of stratified epithelium?

Answer 15

stratified squamous, stratified cuboidal/columnar, transitional

Question 16

Where is stratified squamous found?

Answer 16

esophagus, mouth, outer skin; several layers of flattened cells

Question 17

Where is stratified cuboidal found?

Answer 17

ducts of large glands; two cell layers cuboidal at surface

Question 18

Where is transitional epithelium found?

Answer 18

urinary bladder, ureters; modified stratified squamous/cuboidal, changes shape when stretched

Question 19

What is a gland?

Answer 19

one or more cells that secrete or excrete a product

Question 20

What are the two major types of glands?

Answer 20

endocrine – thyroid, adrenals, pituitary, pancreas gland that secretes insulin; exocrine – sweat, oil, liver, pancreas gland that excretes digestive enzymes

Question 21

Which type of gland is connected to a duct?

Answer 21

exocrine

Question 22

Where is connective tissue found?

Answer 22

widely distributed in body

Question 23

What are the functions of connective tissue?

Answer 23

support, maintain shape

Question 24

Does connective tissue have a good or poor blood supply?

Answer 24

most are well vascularized (exception: tendons and ligaments have poor blood supply, cartilages are avascular)

Question 25

What is the extracellular matrix?

Answer 25

nonliving substance produced by connective tissue cells

Question 26

What are the two major parts of the extracellular matrix?

Answer 26

ground substance and fibers

Question 27

What are the three types of fiber found in connective tissue?

Answer 27

collagen, elastic, reticular

Question 28

Why is it important that we are born with hyaline cartilage skeletons and not bone?

Answer 28

so that the infant can pass through the birth canal with some flexibility

Question 29

What is the lamina propria?

Answer 29

thin layer of (areolar) loose connective tissue that underlies mucous membranes

Question 30

What is edema?

Answer 30

swelling/puffiness caused by excessive interstitial fluid

Question 31

What is adipose tissue?

Answer 31

fat cells

Question 32

Where in the body would you find hyaline cartilage?

Answer 32

larynx, attaching ribs to sternum, ends of bones, fetal skeleton

Question 33

Where in the body would you find fibrocartilage?

Answer 33

between vertebra, pubic symphysis, TMJ

Question 34

Where in the body would you find dense (fibrous) connective tissue?

Answer 34

tendons and ligaments

Question 35

Where in the body would you find areolar tissue?

Answer 35

holds organs in place, attaches epithelial tissue to underlying tissues, surrounds blood vessels and nerves

Question 36

Where in the body would you find adipose tissue?

Answer 36

beneath skin, around organs, in bone marrow, and in breast tissue

Question 37

Where in the body would you find reticular tissue?

Answer 37

around the liver, the kidney, the spleen, and lymph nodes, as well as in bone marrow

Question 38

Where in the body would you find elastic cartilage?

Answer 38

outer ear, larynx, epiglottis

Question 39

What are the two ways that the body repairs injured tissue?

Answer 39

regeneration and fibrosis

Question 40

What tissue type is scar tissue made of?

Answer 40

dense (fibrous) connective tissue