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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 3 Tissues > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four primary tissue types?

A

epithelium, connective, muscle, nervous

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2
Q

Where is epithelial tissue found?

A

the lining, covering, and glandular tissue of the body

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3
Q

What are the functions of epithelial tissue?

A

protection, absorption, filtration, secretion

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4
Q

What are the primary characteristics of epithelial tissue?

A

form continuous sheets, no direct blood supply, regenerate easily

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5
Q

What does ‘simple’ mean in regard to epithelial tissue?

A

one cell layer

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6
Q

What does ‘stratified’ mean in regard to epithelial tissue?

A

more than one cell layer

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7
Q

What does ‘squamous’ mean in regard to epithelial tissue?

A

flattened cells

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8
Q

What does ‘columnar’ mean in regard to epithelial tissue?

A

shaped like columns (rectangular)

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9
Q

What does ‘cuboidal’ mean in regard to epithelial cells?

A

cubed or dice-shaped

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10
Q

What are the types of simple epithelium?

A

simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, pseudostratified

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11
Q

Where is simple squamous found?

A

alveoli, capillaries, serous membranes; one layer of flat cells

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12
Q

Where is simple cuboidal found?

A

glands and ducts, kidney tubules and surface of ovaries; single layer cube-shaped

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13
Q

Where is simple columnar found?

A

lines digestive tract from stomach to anus; single layer of tall cells

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14
Q

Where is pseudostratified (ciliated) epithelium found?

A

lines respiratory tract; appear at different heights above basement membrane

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15
Q

What are the types of stratified epithelium?

A

stratified squamous, stratified cuboidal/columnar, transitional

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16
Q

Where is stratified squamous found?

A

esophagus, mouth, outer skin; several layers of flattened cells

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17
Q

Where is stratified cuboidal found?

A

ducts of large glands; two cell layers cuboidal at surface

18
Q

Where is transitional epithelium found?

A

urinary bladder, ureters; modified stratified squamous/cuboidal, changes shape when stretched

19
Q

What is a gland?

A

one or more cells that secrete or excrete a product

20
Q

What are the two major types of glands?

A

endocrine – thyroid, adrenals, pituitary, pancreas gland that secretes insulin; exocrine – sweat, oil, liver, pancreas gland that excretes digestive enzymes

21
Q

Which type of gland is connected to a duct?

A

exocrine

22
Q

Where is connective tissue found?

A

widely distributed in body

23
Q

What are the functions of connective tissue?

A

support, maintain shape

24
Q

Does connective tissue have a good or poor blood supply?

A

most are well vascularized (exception: tendons and ligaments have poor blood supply, cartilages are avascular)

25
Q

What is the extracellular matrix?

A

nonliving substance produced by connective tissue cells

26
Q

What are the two major parts of the extracellular matrix?

A

ground substance and fibers

27
Q

What are the three types of fiber found in connective tissue?

A

collagen, elastic, reticular

28
Q

Why is it important that we are born with hyaline cartilage skeletons and not bone?

A

so that the infant can pass through the birth canal with some flexibility

29
Q

What is the lamina propria?

A

thin layer of (areolar) loose connective tissue that underlies mucous membranes

30
Q

What is edema?

A

swelling/puffiness caused by excessive interstitial fluid

31
Q

What is adipose tissue?

A

fat cells

32
Q

Where in the body would you find hyaline cartilage?

A

larynx, attaching ribs to sternum, ends of bones, fetal skeleton

33
Q

Where in the body would you find fibrocartilage?

A

between vertebra, pubic symphysis, TMJ

34
Q

Where in the body would you find dense (fibrous) connective tissue?

A

tendons and ligaments

35
Q

Where in the body would you find areolar tissue?

A

holds organs in place, attaches epithelial tissue to underlying tissues, surrounds blood vessels and nerves

36
Q

Where in the body would you find adipose tissue?

A

beneath skin, around organs, in bone marrow, and in breast tissue

37
Q

Where in the body would you find reticular tissue?

A

around the liver, the kidney, the spleen, and lymph nodes, as well as in bone marrow

38
Q

Where in the body would you find elastic cartilage?

A

outer ear, larynx, epiglottis

39
Q

What are the two ways that the body repairs injured tissue?

A

regeneration and fibrosis

40
Q

What tissue type is scar tissue made of?

A

dense (fibrous) connective tissue

Anatomy & Physiology (9 decks)

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