Chapter 3 Tissues Flashcards
What are the four primary tissue types?
epithelium, connective, muscle, nervous
Where is epithelial tissue found?
the lining, covering, and glandular tissue of the body
What are the functions of epithelial tissue?
protection, absorption, filtration, secretion
What are the primary characteristics of epithelial tissue?
form continuous sheets, no direct blood supply, regenerate easily
What does ‘simple’ mean in regard to epithelial tissue?
one cell layer
What does ‘stratified’ mean in regard to epithelial tissue?
more than one cell layer
What does ‘squamous’ mean in regard to epithelial tissue?
flattened cells
What does ‘columnar’ mean in regard to epithelial tissue?
shaped like columns (rectangular)
What does ‘cuboidal’ mean in regard to epithelial cells?
cubed or dice-shaped
What are the types of simple epithelium?
simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, pseudostratified
Where is simple squamous found?
alveoli, capillaries, serous membranes; one layer of flat cells
Where is simple cuboidal found?
glands and ducts, kidney tubules and surface of ovaries; single layer cube-shaped
Where is simple columnar found?
lines digestive tract from stomach to anus; single layer of tall cells
Where is pseudostratified (ciliated) epithelium found?
lines respiratory tract; appear at different heights above basement membrane
What are the types of stratified epithelium?
stratified squamous, stratified cuboidal/columnar, transitional
Where is stratified squamous found?
esophagus, mouth, outer skin; several layers of flattened cells
Where is stratified cuboidal found?
ducts of large glands; two cell layers cuboidal at surface
Where is transitional epithelium found?
urinary bladder, ureters; modified stratified squamous/cuboidal, changes shape when stretched
What is a gland?
one or more cells that secrete or excrete a product
What are the two major types of glands?
endocrine – thyroid, adrenals, pituitary, pancreas gland that secretes insulin; exocrine – sweat, oil, liver, pancreas gland that excretes digestive enzymes
Which type of gland is connected to a duct?
exocrine
Where is connective tissue found?
widely distributed in body
What are the functions of connective tissue?
support, maintain shape
Does connective tissue have a good or poor blood supply?
most are well vascularized (exception: tendons and ligaments have poor blood supply, cartilages are avascular)
What is the extracellular matrix?
nonliving substance produced by connective tissue cells
What are the two major parts of the extracellular matrix?
ground substance and fibers
What are the three types of fiber found in connective tissue?
collagen, elastic, reticular
Why is it important that we are born with hyaline cartilage skeletons and not bone?
so that the infant can pass through the birth canal with some flexibility
What is the lamina propria?
thin layer of (areolar) loose connective tissue that underlies mucous membranes
What is edema?
swelling/puffiness caused by excessive interstitial fluid
What is adipose tissue?
fat cells
Where in the body would you find hyaline cartilage?
larynx, attaching ribs to sternum, ends of bones, fetal skeleton
Where in the body would you find fibrocartilage?
between vertebra, pubic symphysis, TMJ
Where in the body would you find dense (fibrous) connective tissue?
tendons and ligaments
Where in the body would you find areolar tissue?
holds organs in place, attaches epithelial tissue to underlying tissues, surrounds blood vessels and nerves
Where in the body would you find adipose tissue?
beneath skin, around organs, in bone marrow, and in breast tissue
Where in the body would you find reticular tissue?
around the liver, the kidney, the spleen, and lymph nodes, as well as in bone marrow
Where in the body would you find elastic cartilage?
outer ear, larynx, epiglottis
What are the two ways that the body repairs injured tissue?
regeneration and fibrosis
What tissue type is scar tissue made of?
dense (fibrous) connective tissue
