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Sex & Gender > Chapter 3: Theory & Practice > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Theory & Practice Flashcards

1
Q

Violence as a result of gender dynamics:

A

Gender-Based Violence

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2
Q

Perceived gender non-conformity or living up to some kind of gender standard in society is why this occurs:

A

Gender-Based Violence

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3
Q
  1. Heteronormativity
  2. Power dynamics
  3. Oppresson
A

Gender-Based Violence

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4
Q

Physical, sexual, and psychological:

A

Intimate Partner Violence

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5
Q

Global public health issue:

A

Intimate Partner Violence

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6
Q

What is the leading cause of death for pregnant women?

A

Violence

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7
Q

Violence from one person to another:

A

Unidirectional Violence

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8
Q

A cycle - both a man and a woman engage in acts of violence towards each other:

A

Bidirectional Violence

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9
Q

What type of violence occurs mainly in the US?

A

Bidirectional

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10
Q

Emphasizes control, power, competition, pain tolerance, and heterosexuality:

A

Hypermasculinity

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11
Q

Why is sexual violence common on college campuses (2)?

A
  1. Everyone is concentrated in one area
  2. Lots of substance use
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12
Q

Why are gay men victimized the most (2)?

A
  1. They are at the bottom of the masculinity pyramid
  2. Considered a threat to masculinity
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13
Q

Involves repeated, intrusive, intimated behaviors (and cyberstalking/textual harassment):

A

Stalking

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14
Q

Water is a ________ concept:

A

Gendered

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15
Q

Water, in the greater sense, is a ________ domain:

A

Masculine

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16
Q

Systems the public should handle are contracted out to private comapanies:

A

Privatization

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17
Q

1in _ Americans get their water from private systems:

A

6

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18
Q
  1. States that water and sanitation are human rights
  2. They don’t always have the power to enforce this at a global scale
A

The UN General Assembly in 2010

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19
Q

Water should be owned, managed, conserved, and supplied for the _____ interest:

A

Public

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20
Q

As of 2023, the death penalty is used in __ countries:

A

11

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21
Q

Being gay is criminalized in __ countries:

A

70

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22
Q

In 2022, ___ bills were introduced against LGBTQ+ people

A

344

23
Q

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights:

A

The UN Universal declaration of Human Rights

24
Q
  1. Not signed in the US
  2. Reluctance to impose international law on an individual country level
  3. Hard to enforce because there’s no world police
A

UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women

25
Q

Recruitment, transportation, or harboring people by threat or use of force for exploitation:

A

Human Trafficking

26
Q

Trafficking is mostly ______ or _____ labor:

A

Forced; bonded

27
Q

Most trafficking cases happen due to _______; done by someone you ____:

A

Manipulation; know

28
Q

Push and pull factors of trafficking (3):

A
  1. Poverty - Push
  2. Need for labor - Pull
  3. Promise of a better life - Pull
29
Q

Wide range of things would “count”; some are more well-known like male circumcision:

A

Genital Cutting and Modification

30
Q
  1. Removal of healthy tissue
  2. Vaginoplasty (repair/creating of a vaginal opening)
A

Intersex Surgeries

31
Q
  1. No medical benefits; used to improve appearance
  2. Vaginal Rejuvenation
  3. Designer Vaginoplasty
  4. Unregulated
A

Female Genital Cosmetic Surgeries

32
Q
  1. Can include symbolic nicking/piercing
  2. Partial/total removal of the clitoris
  3. Partial/total removal of the labia
  4. Sewing vaginal opening shut
A

Traditional Female Genital Cutting

33
Q
  1. Can be for aesthetics
  2. Due to morals around sexuality/social acceptance
  3. No religious explanation
A

Reasons for Traditional FGC

34
Q
  1. Ranges from severe pain to death
  2. Creates pain during intercourse and less satisfaction during sex
  3. Long-term medical effects
A

Consequences of Traditional FGC

35
Q

Describe Wave #1 of Feminism (4):

A
  1. 1840 - 1920
  2. Citizenship
  3. Right to vote
  4. Property rights
36
Q

Describe Wave #2 of Feminism (3):

A
  1. 1960 - 1988
  2. Equality
  3. Anti-discrimination legislation
37
Q

Describe Wave #3 of Feminism (3):

A
  1. 1988 - Present
  2. More individual
  3. Critiqued popular culture
38
Q

How are the feminist waves biased? (5)

A
  1. Emphasizes contributions of middle- and upper-class white women
  2. May have started earlier in the anti-slavery movement (Late 1600s)
  3. Moving beyond sex and gender
  4. Both white women and free Black women fought for women’s rights
  5. Saw some clashes in interest (Who gets to vote first? White women or Black men?)
39
Q

Explain the labor movement (3):

A
  1. Early 1800s industrial revolution
  2. The economic unit shifted from family to the individual
  3. Women were active in the labor movement but were not always welcome
40
Q
  1. Working in a mill represented a cool opportunity
  2. Women were required to go to church, follow curfew, and practice sexual abstinence on company grounds
A

The “Mill Girls” in MA

41
Q

The political, economic, and social equality of men and women:

A

Feminism

42
Q

Broadens the scope into the idea of ending sexism, sexist exploitation, and oppression:

A

Feminism

43
Q

Freedom from restraint (positive and negative liberty):

A

Liberal Feminist Theory

44
Q

Represents what liberalization means today (reproductive rights):

A

Negative Liberty

45
Q

Makes rights accessible - just because one has a right doesn’t mean it’s easy to exercise (voting):

A

Positive Liberty

46
Q

Wave 1: Abolition, suffrage, education, etc
Wave 2: Fight for abortion rights, childcare

A

Liberal Feminist Theory

47
Q
  1. Are women…better?
  2. Essentialism
A

Cult of true womanhood

48
Q
  1. The oppression of women was first and led to others
  2. Nearly universal and causes the most damage
  3. More deeply rooted in psychology than other oppressions
A

Radical Feminist Theory

49
Q
  1. Women weren’t subordinate in early societies
  2. Caused by the advent of private property and patrilineal inheritance
  3. Economics impact social and political change
A

Radical Feminist Theory

50
Q
  1. The New Left
  2. The personal is political
  3. Biological Caste
A

Radical Feminist Theory

51
Q
  1. Cost of reproduction (women take on most of the labor) is a reason why society builds around this; that disadvantages women from having freedom outside of reproduction
  2. Patriarchy drains women’s “life-loving” energy
A

Radical Feminist Theory

52
Q
  1. White, upper- or middle-class women
  2. POC pushed back and said this doesn’t apply to me
  3. Systems of interlocking oppression
  4. This idea accounts for all intersection identities
A

Intersectional Feminism

53
Q

Internal Colonialism (4):

A
  1. Forced into a country
  2. Forced assimilation
  3. Denial of citizenship and rights
  4. Channeled into law-paying/status jobs
54
Q

Even within feminism, some women are put above others and have the most power:

A

Hegemonic Feminism

Sex & Gender (3 decks)

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